White teachers enter culturally and racially diverse urban classrooms ill-prepared to teach. The resulting cultural mismatch contributes to educational disparities, including academic gaps and punitive imparities. Teacher education programs' attempts to address the gaps intend to immunize young teachers to the effects of implicit bias. However,…

This study explores student perceptions of, and experiences with, labor-based contracting grading--an approach to student assessment that values labor rather than quality. In theory, labor-based contract grading reduces teacher bias and challenges inequities maintained by traditional grading. A qualitative content analysis of anonymous online…

Background: Student evaluations of teaching (SETs) are used to assess faculty performance, but prior research has identified sources of bias in the completion and interpretation of SETs. Objective: We investigated how SET ratings and comments about quizzes are interpreted by faculty and undergraduates. Method: Participants made judgments about…

This study shows that exposure to topic-related but irrelevant information enhances both estimates of peer knowledge and our own sense of knowledge. In Experiment 1, participants were more confident in their answers to general knowledge questions and gave higher estimates of peer knowledge when such questions were accompanied by short paragraphs…

Numerous empirical findings have shown biased judgments of (future) teachers depending on students' ethnic and social background. Furthermore, research has indicated that (future) teachers' stereotypes and attitudes differ depending on students' backgrounds and appear to influence (future) teachers' judgments. Based on theories of stereotype…

Background: Research has shown that mathematics anxiety negatively correlates with primary school mathematics performance, including fraction knowledge. However, recently no significant correlation was found between fraction arithmetic performance and state anxiety measured after the fraction task. One possible explanation is the natural number…

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for university administrators and health professionals to keep doors open and students safe. Optimistic bias and the Health Belief Model serve as foundations for understanding students' perceived susceptibility and severity for contracting the virus and their perceived benefits…

In this paper, we explored how political knowledge related to generalised prejudice, defined as the common variance of three highly correlated specific prejudice concerning ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation. We aligned our hypotheses with the Cognitive Ability and Style to Evaluation (CASE) model, which postulates the mechanism underlying…

Self-efficacy is an important measure in science education as it is predictive of persistence and success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses and is an influential factor in students' decisions to major in STEM fields. It is unclear what effect active teaching strategies have on students' self-efficacy, which is…

Visual meaning-making allows for multicultural understanding. This study examines how visual research using digital visual platforms, especially AI image generation, enhances multicultural meaning-making. The case study is a course on 'Visual Text: Culture, Arts, and Education' in a teacher art education programme in Israel, attended by students…

Life education is an essential element of suicide prevention in colleges. However, the existing practice of life education in China may be insufficient to match the new spectrum of students' knowledge needs. The study exemplified the participants' responses to common suicide myths with a 3-year follow-up investigation (Study 1), and the optimal…

As first generation (FG)/low income (LI) students enter the elite profession of medicine, schools make presumptions about how FGLI students allocate their time. However, their lives are markedly different compared to their peers. This study argues that while all forms of capital are necessary for success, time as a specific form keeps classism in…

Pre-service teacher (PST) field placements often occur in homogeneous classrooms. Simulated classrooms are emerging as a complementary context for implementing new skills with culturally, linguistically, and socioeconomically diverse students. Previous studies have explored PSTs' perceptions or provided quantitative findings of their culturally…

In US school settings and materials, climate change is often framed as an uncertain phenomenon. However, the effect of such denialist representations on youth's perceptions of climate change has not been empirically tested. To address this gap in the literature, this article reports on a survey-based experiment testing two framings of uncertainty…

Student evaluation of teaching (SET) is important for assessing university instructors' performance. However, this system seems biased as students' grade expectations result in rewards or penalties in SET. As a fair evaluation of grades became difficult during the COVID-19 pandemic, universities implemented a relaxed grade policy that expanded the…