How successful bilingual education proves in the United States will depend in part on how congruent its programs become with the aspiration of the ethnic communities to which the programs are addressed, on the awareness by American educators of the new American ethnicity, and on the participation of ethnic communities in program formulation and…

Bilingual education is a product of the social currents of equalitarianism, which engulfed American institutions in the 1960s. It could not have been otherwise, since bilingual education, in its bicultural orientations, is a necessary concomitant of the new ethnic consciousness, which has recently gripped the American imagination. (Author/EB)

New programs are seeking to meet the needs of Spanish-speaking children. (Editor)

Discusses some of the history of bilingual education in the United States, the efforts of the Supreme Court to develop bilingual education, and the resistance by some groups to the growth of bilingual education. (RK)

Maintaining that "bilingual education is a promising tool, but it is not without controversy," this article presents an overview of bilingual education from an historical perspective, factors which have influenced the success or failure of bilingual programs in the past, and the future needs of bilingual programs, including better teacher…

The contents of this annotated bibliography are divided into six parts, prefaced by a general description of the conditions and problems of the Puerto Ricans on the United States mainland. Part I comprises a list of general bibliographies. Part II concerns "The island experience," and first lists general works and then specific works.…

Discusses the background of and the need for the New York City Board of Education's new program to improve the education of "all Spanish speaking pupils whose difficulties with English impede their learning", which was begun in October 1974 and was to be fully implemented throughout 1975. [Available from Center for Migration Studies of…

This report has a descriptive and evaluative delineation of those programs which have been (or are being) developed for Puerto Rican students in the public schools of Jersey City. The data of the report have been gathered in those schools with large Puerto Rican constituencies, and have been cast in the perspectives afforded by discussions with…

American schools have a long way to go to catch up with the levels attained in most European schools, where students reach near fluency in English besides learning another foreign language or two. English has become a world language; however, there is still a need for foreign languages to be taught. (RM)

This collection of readings is organized in four parts. Part I, "Aspects of Puerto Rican culture," includes the following articles: "Explicit and implicit culture in Puerto Rico: a case study in educational anthropology," T. Brameld; "Respeto, relajo, and interpersonal relations in Puerto Rico," A. Lauria;…

This bibliography contains 1,500 briefly annotated entries on the immigrant child in the U.S., his school, and his community. Bibliographic and archival resources provide references on general history, immigration, and the social, political, and educational history of the period. References are also provided on various areas: the immigrant…