Federal law defines eligibility for English learner (EL) classification differently for Indigenous students compared with non-Indigenous students. To be EL-eligible, non-Indigenous students are required to have a non-English primary language. Indigenous students, by contrast, can be English-dominant or English monolingual. A critical question,…

Augmented Reality (AR) bridges the real and the digital. It is part of the Extended Reality (XR) spectrum of immersive technological interfaces. At one end of the continuum, Virtual Reality (VR) immerses users in fully digital simulations which effectively substitute for the real world. At the other end of the continuum, AR allows users to remain…

This dissertation in teacher leadership represents original, independent research that investigated bilingual language instruction of an indigenous Alaskan group of students. Ethnographic research using qualitative and quantitative data was applied to develop an understanding of correlations between the value of English and Yup'ik language and…

This article presents a descriptive analysis case study conducted in the stream of teacher action research. An instructor-generated questionnaire was administered to teacher education program participants (n=141) who are practicing U.S. teachers of English learners (ELs). All respondents were enrolled in an online graduate-level teacher education…

These are the appendixes for the report "Alaska Native Students as English Learner Students: Examining Patterns in Identification, Classification, Service Provision, and Reclassification." The study sought to inform Alaska stakeholders about the identification, classification, service provision, and reclassification patterns of Alaska…

This report examines the population of Alaska Native students who are classified as English learner (EL) students and how EL policies function for these students, focusing on EL identification, classification, service provision, and reclassification as fluent English proficient. Alaska is one of several states where Indigenous students make up a…

This booklet lists the organizers and describes the agenda of a conference on the theme of respect for, and understanding of, cultural differences as the basis of global community. Workshop sessions are described and three keynote speeches are reprinted, together with four student essays that best captured the conference's theme. The keynote…

The implementation of Alaska's bilingual-bicultural education policy in the Lower Kuskokwim School District, which serves a predominantly Eskimo population, was investigated. The research objectives were to describe policy implementation, analyze problems with implementation, and explain why the local programs diverged from the intent of state…

For the Yupik Eskimos of southwestern Alaska, a primary goal of bilingual-bicultural education is to forge a society that represents the "best of two worlds." While this is an expressed ideal, educational programs have focused on first and second language learning and have not dealt with the relationship between Yupik and non-Yupik…

"Bilingual education" is among the new technical terms which claim to add efficiency, precision, and clarity to an otherwise complex existence. The practitioner has the responsibility of making its definition useful--precise and comprehensive. For Alaska, a useful definition of "bilingual education" must be flexible enough to…

This elementary language text, designed for children in a bilingual Koyuk-English program, contains one story about the daily life of a family in Koyuk, Alaska. The material is presented in alternating pages of Koyuk and the English translation, with many illustrations depicting events in the story. (LG)

The conference focused on the importance of using one's language and cultural heritage for the future growth of individuals and the State of Alaska. This conference is a major activity of the Alaska Department of Education in providing training and technical assistance to personnel from the 35 school districts with bilingual-bicultural programs.…

This elementary reader is designed for use in a bilingual Inupiat-English program. Developed by the people of Teller, Alaska, it consists of a series of short readings. The Inupiat text and its English equivalent are never in opposition. The Inupiat text is followed by a picture page, and the English text is always on the back of the picture page.…

The present language situation among Alaskan natives and the prospects for maintaining the traditional languages are such that in order to plan for a continued native language presence, it must be recognized that: (1) the shift to Engish is a natural result of a set of social conditions, with no single factor or group to blame; (2) the decline of…

This third grade elementary language text, designed for children in bilingual Inupiat-English programs in Ambler, Kabuk, Kiana, Noorvik, and Shungnak, is a story about the adventures of an animal named Alli and his friends. Each page of text is illustrated with a black-and-white drawing. The English equivalent is given at the back and is not…