This theoretical article, with recommendations for practice, interrogates how the field discusses dual language bilingual education (DLBE) models in the United States, with international implications for bilingual, immersion, and content and language integrated learning contexts. We reconceptualize the equity problems and potentials of so-called…

Within the research on bilingual learning, first studies have revealed that content learned in one language is retrieved more slowly when participants have to switch language from instruction to testing (i.e., language-switching costs, LSC). These costs are attributed to language-dependent knowledge representations. However, the cognitive…

This innovative collection explores transnational approaches to bilingual teacher education from different angles, unpacking the challenges and opportunities in contemporary global bilingual programs. The book offers a thorough account of transnational pedagogical research and best practice in bilingual and second language education to advance…

This study aimed at investigating when, and for which purposes, teachers and pupils translanguaged in a third-grade classroom [8-9 year olds] in a private bilingual school in northern Portugal. It also aimed at highlighting effective scaffolding strategies developed by the teachers in the Natural and Social Sciences (NSS) and English Language (EL)…

Sub-Saharan Africa secondary school science curricula recognise language as the most important communication tool for learners' biology learning outcomes. Despite this prominent goal, learners' scientific literacy at secondary school appears to be insufficient to cope with classroom teaching and learning of biology. This paper presents a review of…

British Council for East Asia reported that the level of English competency of Indonesian pupils in primary and secondary education in English lessons and other scientific disciplines was very concerning. They did not use English as Medium Instruction (EMI) in Science class well. Besides, pupils need to have English communication skills in the…

Ofelia García calls for a re-imagining of bilingual education by challenging how teachers conceptualize, facilitate, and listen to language use in classrooms. Educators attempt to legitimize students' authentic, fluid, and dynamic language practices through translanguaging, but "non-standard" named language varieties are still…