Fifty years after the Lau decision, dual-language programs face critical challenges, particularly a national teacher shortage, especially in bilingual programs representing less commonly taught languages like Mandarin Chinese. This study explores the workplace environments of 13 Mandarin Dual Language Bilingual Education (MDLBE) teachers in a…

In San Francisco, a partnership between a K-8 school and a non-profit writing program helps students who are achieving below grade level find their voices and blossom into confident thinkers and writers. 826 Valencia is a non-profit organization dedicated to supporting under-resourced students ages six to eighteen with their creative and…

The California School for the Deaf (CSD), Fremont, is a deaf-centered bilingual program. CSD's approach to curriculum development, instructional pedagogy, and assessment integrates best practices in deaf education, bilingual education, and general education. The goals of the program are outlined in the Expected School-wide Learning Results which…

Latino students, as children of historically underachieving populations, often have their academic success in jeopardy. For many schools, after-school programs complement the regular school day, with more than half of the 49,700 U.S. elementary schools having one or more on-site programs. Such programs vary in intent, purposes, and resources and…

Project ABRAZO, a Spanish bilingual project in 4 urban schools having over 50% Mexican American composition, operates with the objective of conducting research related to the self-concept of Mexican American students. In connection with ABRAZO, this paper focuses on describing the ABRAZO schools by reporting on the administration of Halpin and…

A PRELIMINARY DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAM IN BEGINNING READING WAS ESTABLISHED FOR MEXICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN IN AN EAST LOS ANGELES SCHOOL. THE PROGRAM WAS DESIGNED TO DEVELOP ORAL LANGUAGE SKILLS AND TO REINFORCE TRADITIONAL CULTURAL VALUES IN THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY. BASELINE DATA WERE OBTAINED ON BOTH READING ACHIEVEMENT AND ORAL LANGUAGE…

This book is an ethnohistorical and ethnographic account of how several generations of Mexican immigrants became an integral part of the city of Woodland, California. These immigrants came to rural northern California as underclass agricultural workers, but, in the last 2 decades, have risen rapidly to political power through participation in the…

MUCH OF THIS ADDRESS IS DEVOTED TO AN OUTLINE OF THE SCHOOL'S ROLE IN EDUCATING THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN STUDENT. EFFORTS SHOULD BE MADE TO ACCULTURATE THE STUDENT AND TRAIN HIM TO ADEQUATELY HANDLE HIS OWN CULTURE. THIS CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH COMMUNITY SCHOOLS, MULTILEVEL SPANISH LANGUAGE COURSES, THE STUDY OF SPANISH-SPEAKING REGIONS AND THEIR…

The Bay Area Bilingual Education League (BABEL) is a merger of four districts concerned with bilingual education for Spanish-speaking, Chinese-speaking and English-speaking children. BABEL sponsored a Bilingual Methodologies Institute, designed to meet the needs of its teachers and teacher assistants in the classroom. The institute covered all…

This paper reports on the Redwood City study of bilingual schooling for Mexican American bilingual children (grades 3-5), a sequel to Cohen's original study (Cohen, 1975). At the end of six years of bilingual schooling, the comparison group was surpassing the bilingually-schooled children in English reading, while the Bilingual group was generally…

The Culver City (Calif.) Schools' Spanish Immersion Program (SIP) offers an innovative and highly successful approach to the development of proficiency in a foreign language in the elementary grades. This approach differs from most bilingual programs in that for the first two years the students are completely immersed in Spanish. When the students…