The author hypothesizes that central nervous system damage of deficiency associated with mental retardation affects primarily those cortical processes which developed at a late stage in man's evolutionary history. (Author)

The author's rebuttal to responses on his paper (EC 115 148) addresses the issues of relevancy of biological causes to education and the validity of research in neuropsychology. (For responses to the paper see EC 115 149-153.) (PHR)

This article reviews recent advances in the "new genetics" and shows how such advances affect special education. Focusing on Williams, Fragile X, Prader-Willi, and Down syndromes, it notes how etiology-related cognitive-linguistic profiles and propensities to distinct personalities and behavior problems point the way to specific,…

Since the end of the last century there have been studies of reading and learning problems which have concluded that a considerable proportion of these difficulties are inherited. An examination of these studies, however, demonstrates that although they appear to use the "scientific method" and are replete with quantified analysis, in fact they…

The author's response to H. Reed's paper (EC 115 148) on the nature of the relationship between biological defects and educational aptitude and achievement stresses that knowledge of biological causes provides educators with little, if any, practical information to help affected children progress. (For other responses and a rebuttal see EC 115…

The author's response to H. Reed's paper (EC 115 148) on the nature of the relationship between biological defects and educational aptitude and achievement addresses the issues of relevance to educators and Reed's contention that special educators are ignorant of the relationship. (For other responses and a rebuttal see EC 115 149-154.) (PHR)

The author's response to H. Reed's paper (EC 115 148) on the nature of the relationship between biological defects and educational attitude and achievement refutes the relevance of biological knowledge to education, and contends the neuropsychological test data are of doubtful validity and may work against the academic interests of the student.…

The author's response to H. Reed's paper (EC 115 148) on the nature of the relationship between biological defects and educational aptitude and achievement discusses, from the viewpoint of a physician, the issues of relevance, test validity, and cooperation and understanding between neuropsychologists and special educators. (For other responses…

The author's response to H. Reed's paper (EC 115 148), on the relationship between biological defects and educational aptitude and achievement, refutes Reed's three main points of view on empirical grounds. (For other responses and a rebuttal see EC 115 150-154.) (PHR)

The article examines the relationship between biological defects and educational aptitude and achievement. (Author/PHR)