Background: Pain interferes with the functioning of typical children, but no study has examined its effect on children with pre-existing intellectual disabilities (ID). Methods: Caregivers of 63 children observed their children for 2-h periods and recorded in 1-week diaries: pain presence, cause, intensity and duration. Caregivers also recorded…

Describes results of several studies of the neurochemical determinants of inspection time (IT), outlining the significance of several studies in which performance on the IT task is measured before and after modulating key human central nervous system neurotransmitters and receptor systems. Results of these studies suggest a primarily cholinergic…

The authors review research on risk factors for eating disorders, restricting their focus to studies in which clear precedence of the hypothesized risk factor over onset of the disorder is established. They illustrate how studies of sociocultural risk factors and biological factors have progressed on parallel tracks and propose that major advances…

How children experience, express, and regulate distress has important implications for adjustment. Factors influencing individual differences in these aspects of affective behavior include temperament, context of situation, and parents, to name a few. Gender differences in the expression of affective behaviors have also been implicated in past…

The good, bad and ugly gifts from the mother earth are highlighted. Olive oil, rice seedling blight, and Borrelia burgdorferi, respectively are the good, bad and ugly gifts from the mother earth.

One hundred and thirteen sources of information published between 1904 and 1976, including a thorough coverage of scientific papers and representative journal and newspaper articles, are listed in this bibliography on the bio-rhythm theory. Developed in the early 1900's, this theory postulates that all humans experience regularly recurring…

The role of neurological, biological, developmental, and allergic factors in producing hyperactivity is examined, and the nature of such modifying factors as the child's basic temperament and personality is analyzed. (CL)

Describes the use of Rasch analysis to elucidate biological patterns of disability present in the functional ability of persons undergoing medical rehabilitation. Uses two measures, one for inpatients and one for outpatients, to illustrate the approach and provides examples of some biological patterns of disability associated with specific types…

Analysis of various statistics from birth records of 317 consecutive births revealed that twins are nonrepresentative of newborns with respect to birth weight and gestation, with male pairs to same-sex pairs the least representative. Differences between Negro and Caucasian twins were also found. (MH)

Girls who are overweight tend to perform poorly in mild athletic activities. (CK)

This biography explores the many scientific interests and contributions of Francis Galton and outlines his psychological studies as a "detour" from his major works that lasted from 1877 to 1885. Galton's interest in heredity was a focus of the second half of his life, the first having concentrated on geography and exploration. (SLD)

Archival data on 4,462 military veterans linked higher levels of serum testosterone to lower-status occupations. A structural equation model was supported in which higher testosterone, mediated through lower intellectual ability, greater antisocial behavior, and lower education, leads away from white-collar occupations. Contains 49 references.…

The prevalence and cost of chronic pain is a major physical and mental health care problem in the United States today. As a result, there has been a recent explosion of research on chronic pain, with significant advances in better understanding its etiology, assessment, and treatment. The purpose of the present article is to provide a review of…

Although boys engage in more delinquent and criminal acts than do girls, female delinquency is on the rise. In 1980, boys were four times as likely as girls to be arrested; today they are only twice as likely to be arrested. In this article, the author explores how the juvenile justice system is and should be responding to the adolescent female…