This study investigated neurological and psychomotor development and intelligence from birth to 8 years of age among Swedish infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). The relationship between neonatal neurological and behavioral condition to follow-up results was also investigated. Twenty-two infants with IUGR were arranged in 2 groups according to birth weight in relation to gestational age and sex. Control group infants, numbering 17, had normal birth weignt and were born after an uneventful pregnancy. The neonates were examined with a standardized neurological examination largely based on Prechtl's (1977) manual and Brazelton's (1973) Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. At follow-up, a neurological examination and a Griffith's test (1954) were administered at 5, 10, 18 months and at 6 years; Frostig's Developmental Test of Visual Perception (1963) and Stotts' Motor Impairment Test (1972) were administered at 6 years; and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (1963) and a standardized reading test were administered when the children entered school at 8 years of age. Findings revealed that, in comparison to controls, infants with IUGR exhibited a reduced neurological optimality and poor behavioral responses in the newborn period, and late psychomotor development at school age. Social factors did not seem to affect the findings. Several tables and line charts are included. (RH)