The Black nationalist movement of the 1830s and 1840s evolved from the oppression suffered by Afro-Americans in the early 1800s. The ideological beginnings of Black nationalism reflected Black Americans' assessment of their political plight. Religion, racial unity, and cultural history were the ideological foundations of the movement. (BJV)

Charlotte Hawkins Brown, Mary McLeod Bethune, and Nannie Helen Burroughs were women with a mission. It was a mission that combined educational, social, and economic goals. Although different in their tactics and in their educational programs, these women, who founded schools in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, were united in their belief…

Mary Church Terrell (1863-1954) was a women's suffragist, organizer, and Black educator. She was the first Black woman member of any board of education and served as president of the National Association of Colored Women, the Washington, D.C. Chapter of the NAACP, and the Women's Republican League of Washington, D.C. (Author/GC)

The two most important Black children's magazines of the twentieth century, published in the 1920s and the 1970s, met with untimely ends, and the entire body of Black children's literature may be diminishing. This lack hampers Black children's adaptation to White society and thwarts White children's comprehension of Black experience. (AF)

Interview with Alice Childress (born 1920), an actress, playwright, novelist, editor, and lecturer. Her "Gold through the Forest" (1952) was the first play by a Black woman to be produced professionally on the American stage. Her latest play, "Moms," was produced in New York City in 1987. (BJV)

Although the first black organization chartered in the United States, the Free African Society, was chartered in 1787, education for free blacks was largely a 19th-century phenomenon. By the time the Civil War broke out, black adults outside the South had established social structures that offered them education in civic, intellectual, and…

In spite of lack of support from white women, educated black women concentrated their efforts on better conditions for the uneducated and the poorer among them during the late 19th century. Their primary concerns were education and employment opportunities, suffrage, the defense of black female morality, and the condemnation of lynching. The…

Presented are the stories of 12 notable black scientists and inventors. Each individual was selected for scientific and inventive excellence with the added accounts of their excellence as citizens, family men, and humanitarians. (Author/RE)

This historical study examines the events surrounding the racial integration of Nantucket public schools during the 1840s. Included are: a brief history of blacks on the island; moves toward school integration; the reaction among island residents to the issue; and the legislative action to resolve it. Appendices include statements by Nantucket…

Describes the accomplishments of Juan Latino (1516-1599), Jacobus Eliza Johannes Capitein (1717-1747), and Anton Wilhelm Amo (1703-1753), Blacks who were educated in Europe and became important intellectual and literary figures. (GC)

Describes the careers and musical achievements of Blacks who were forerunners in jazz, blues, gospel, music, spirituals, band music, classical music, ragtime, and opera. The list was compiled to provide teachers with historical background information for "Black History Month." (AM)

Few are aware of the extensive contributions of Blacks to every field of human endeavor, and few children have the experience of a hands-on learning activity that exposes them to prominent Black individuals. This book provides evidence of the many ways in which Blacks have invented, explored, and discovered, and the brief biographical material it…

The International Sweethearts of Rhythm, a popular, long-lived, all-female jazz band of the 1940s, were the first racially integrated women's band in America. Their achievement has been largely neglected by music historians. A brief history of the band is presented, and their significance is discussed. (BJV)

The widespread American belief that Blacks and females cannot learn mathematics as easily as White males is a self-perpetuating myth. Notable Black mathematicians of the past and present are surveyed. A large pool of Black technical talent is being ignored. (BJV)

The cultural histories of Blacks in the United States and in Southern Africa are parallel in the following ways: (1) the roles of Blacks in the labor force and in politics; (2) the careers of leaders like King, Mandela, and Tutu; (3) organized struggle for rights; and (4) the rise of a Black consciousness. (VM)