Haley reminds us that we know no way to think of the present or conceive of the future except with reference to our pasts--to our roots. (Author)

A critical analysis of Harold Cruse's essays, especially "The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual" is provided. This paper suggests that the makings of a theory of Afro-American society have been in the works for some time, something Cruse ignores. (Author/AM)

Notes that this book presents a wealth of material, both new and old, in a novel light concerning the African adjustment to their enslavement in North America. (Author)

Suggests that the assumption that the theme of anti-rationalism in Jones is an attack on reason as such and that such a theme rests on an exclusive commitment to the irrational needs to be tested. (Author/AM)

Compares the occupational and entrepreneurial opportunities after emancipation of Blacks in the West Indies and those in the US. Holds that the post-Civil War Black Codes and exclusionary policies of labor unions precluded US Blacks from developing human capital and competing economically with Whites. (GC)

Notes that the Negro Renaissance literature and the ideology of militant integrationists of the 1920s formed the basis of the first organized, large-scale movement for assimilation. (Author/AM)

Some of the fundamental problems with Shange's plays originate in the fact of the author's own youth. From the author's misapprehension of her own maturity derives the distorted perspective which controls the play. (Author/AM)

Notes that the relationship between Jewish and black intellectuals and artists is, on the one hand, a reflection of the relationship between blacks and whites in America. (Author)

Suggests that if the notion of culture is to serve any useful function in the struggle for self determination and the elimination of all forms of exploitation of human beings by one another, it is mandatory that the term be stripped of all ambiguities and be transformed into a scientific concept. (Author/AM)

Explores the effects of Toni Morrison's novel, "Beloved," on readers. Explains that it maps a new direction for the African-American apocalyptic tradition because Morrison relocated the arena of racial battle from the streets to the African-American psyche where memories of the atrocities of the past have been buried. (JS)

In recent years, a new consensus seems to have emerged among historians concerning the personalities, families, and values of American slaves. It is now recognized that most slaves worked out their lives in a tenuous reciprocity with Whites and, at the same time, created a unique blend of African and American culture. (GC)

Battles the genie of race by emphasizing instead the changing physical relations between Americans of European and African descent. (Author)

Recounts efforts of four Black jazz musicians (Sonny Rollins, Charles Mingus, Max Roach, and Abbey Lincoln) to take and hold positions on the political and social role of Black people and Black artists that went beyond what was politically acceptable to the jazz Establishment and "Down Beat" magazine. Describes attempts to discredit these artists.…

This critique of Gerald Horne's book, "Black and Red," points out the confusion, disorganization, errors, and omissions which make itdifficult to read and understand. However, the importance of the book is its contribution of raw material to the knowledge about Du Bois during his last fifteen years. (VM)

Main criticisms made about Charles Valentine's article concern this author's questionable theoretical assumptions and his misguided strategic proposals.