The Black nationalist movement of the 1830s and 1840s evolved from the oppression suffered by Afro-Americans in the early 1800s. The ideological beginnings of Black nationalism reflected Black Americans' assessment of their political plight. Religion, racial unity, and cultural history were the ideological foundations of the movement. (BJV)

These two novels of the Harlem Renaissance do not idealize female mulatto characters. By not creating a world in which they find refuge from a hostile environment, Larsen moves away from the popular and traditional gentile image of upper class near-whites. Her world view foreshadows that of Zora Neale Hurston. (LHW)

Demonstrates how the speech and writings of Blacks living in the United States and abroad reflect a holistic cognitive style. (DA)

Analyzes "The Autobiography of Malcolm X" as a narrative which is about the growth of an individual and the experience of a people. Discusses nature of Malcolm's autobiography, the radicalizing changes that he underwent throughout his life, his acceptance of Islam, his assumption of the role of educator for the Black people, and his…

Points out the decline in numbers of Black scholarly and professional journals; discusses the importance of existing publications to Black scholars and the Black community; and explores the problem of funding. Calls for Black professional journals to serve as a vehicle of instruction, information, and social direction. (GC)

In 1926, Negro History Week was established as a reaction to American racism and as an attempt to defend Black humanity. Black History Month should continue to be the reaffirmation of struggle, determination, and creativity of Blacks against racism and in defense of their humanity. (Author/MC)

The experiences of Whites and Blacks in the American Colonial period were strikingly different. Blacks were committed to Whites' Enlightenment ideology, which did not reflect Black experience. Blacks in the Colonial era were unable to create political structures capable of making sense of the Black experience. (BJV)

The migration of Blacks from the Caribbean to the United States after 1900 is described. The role of West Indian immigrants as radical political and labor leaders during the Harlem Renaissance (1910 to 1940) is discussed. (MC)

In Toni Morrison's fiction, codes, values, and standards are the polar opposite of those set forth and accepted by the dominant (white) culture. The work must be approached from an anthropological perspective, a holistic approach. (LHW)

Contends that Eurocentric criticism cannot adequately explain or interpret the works of African American dramatists. The African American dramatist and his work should be interpreted by a member of his primary audience. (DM)

Sketches out a framework linking black labor market trends in the post World War II era to actual and potential changes in black family patterns. Summarizes selected scholarship and then provides a gender-specific analysis of the changing employment status of black Americans. Urgres that links be made between black family life and the political…

The author's research suggests that: (1) the label "Black music" needs clarification; (2) many proponents of the slogan hold traditional White attitudes; (3) the attitudes of Black musicians themselves need to be changed; (4) Black music needs to be included in the political struggle; and (5) the music industry is discriminatory. (Author/MC)

Argues that traditional sociology has treated Black studies as peripheral to the study of human behavior. Proposes a paradigm that includes an emphasis on Afrocentric perspective and a methodology that combines positivist and critical methodologies. (FMW)

Reviews the authentic historical and linguistic methods traditionally employed by Afrocentrists, noting that "Africalogical" research has long been conducted by Afrocentric scholars, and that, up until the 1930s, the history of African civilizations and people was the "preserve" of Afrocentric scholars. Contains over 100…

Argues that African Americans, not Whites, are America's rugged individualists and that the scholarly literature, written by African Americans, does not give the individualistic strategies developed by African Americans the attention it deserves. It explores the colonial origins of White communalism, Black individualism, and the positive and…