Studies on physics identity are appearing more frequently and often responding to increased awareness of the underrepresentation of students of color in physics. In our broader research, we focus our efforts on understanding how racial identity and physics identity are negotiated throughout the experiences of Black physicists. In this paper, we…

This article examines how young African immigrant men in Southern Ontario cope with the dominant racial identity at school in an effort to improve their academic performance and access postsecondary education (PSE). Critical race theory in education is employed to explain how the young men distance themselves from stereotypes about Black…

Raises a number of critical questions for scale development and theorizing in the field of Black racial identity. In particular, the authors suggest that research on Black racial identity would benefit from longitudinal studies and the examination of the existence of overarching racial identity constructs. (Contains 35 references, 1 table, and an…

Nigrescence is the process of becoming black, of developing a racial identity. Its stages include prechange, encounter, transition, internalization, and integrative awareness. (SK)

The author responds to the issue of invisibility syndrome raised in this special issue of "The Counseling Psychologist." Highlights the importance of Franklin's (1999) article and offers suggestions for expanding Franklin's model to include issues of spirituality, high-risk behaviors, and validation. (GCP)

Defines and describes Afrocentricity, suggesting that Afrocentricity within the academic context is best understood as a paradigm. Explains how Afrocentricity meets the definition of a paradigm, examining the affective, cognitive, and conative aspects of the Afrocentric paradigm (metaphysical and sociological) and looking at the structural and…

Examines the paradigm of Pan-Africanism and the identity construct in the historic and cultural contexts of blacks outside of Africa, critiquing theories on the African identity construct. Suggests that black American identity is too complex for this simplification and must be considered within the context of world acculturation. Contains 34…

Study evaluated both the parenting styles and family ecologies models with interview responses from African American adolescents. Analyses contrasted each model with a joint model for predicting self esteem, self reliance, work orientation, and ethnic identity. Overall, findings suggest that a joint model that combines elements from both models…

Expands the Cross model of psychological Nigrescence to hypothesize the changes in racial identity that a Black person can experience at various points in the life cycle. Describes how various stages of racial identity are manifest at three periods of life: late adolescence/early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. (Author/TE)

Depicts the practical application of Helms's Racial Identity Development model in counseling. Case scenario involves an African-American college student who is struggling with issues of self-efficacy and self-esteem related to his racial identity development. Describes ways to conceptualize the psychological distress and interpersonal concerns of…

Uses the Cross model of Black identity development as a framework for discussion of the developmental stages of American-Indian identity: pre-encounter, encounter, immersion/emersion, and internalization. Discusses identity conflicts encountered in various scenarios related to biracial or bicultural status, adoptions, mixed-race families, parent…

Author answers comments made in response to his article on invisibility syndrome in this special issue of "The Counseling Psychologist." Focuses comments on the following areas: (a) the importance of the visibility component of the model, (b) the systemic aspect of the invisibility model, (c) institutional and global implications, and…

Investigated the influence of racial and gender discrimination and difficulties on adolescent adjustment. Found that discrimination and hassles contribute to a general stress context which in turn influences emotional and behavioral problems in adjustment, while racial and gender identity positively affect self-esteem and thus adjustment. Revealed…

Describes three models of ethnic identity development, with particular focus on their significance for understanding the socialization and self-concepts of Black children. Considers implications for educational reform and suggests the models provide useful frameworks for making better decisions about when educators should introduce materials about…

Responds to two opening articles by Parham ("Cycles of Psychological Nigrescence") and Helms ("Considering Some Methodological Issues in Racial Identity Counseling Research"). Provides suggestions for expanding and testing models of racial identity development, and calls for expanded methods of measuring racial identity, and…