The purpose of this article is to examine the critical components to successfully serving on a school board or leadership roles, as a member of the Latino(a) community. According to a 2010 national school board survey, only 3% of the 900 board respondents identified as Latino(a) compared with almost 80% who identified as White. The first author…

Tens of thousands of individuals across the United States volunteer their time, energy, and expertise as members of charter school boards. Yet as the charter sector has grown, remarkably little has been learned about these individuals who make key operational decisions about their schools and have legal and moral responsibilities for the education…

In 1955, the General Convention of the Episcopal Church called for the racial desegregation of Episcopal institutions: parishes, seminaries, and schools. The study of Episcopal school desegregation reveals a fundamental paradox: Episcopal theology promoted desegregation but "white flight" spurred Episcopal school growth. The question of…

Our urban school systems struggle because so many of their students live in poverty, but they also struggle because they were designed a hundred years ago, for an industrial society. In an increasing number of cities, they are being replaced by 21st century systems, in which the central administration does not operate all schools and employ all…

An elected school director works every day as an advocate for public education in his community. At each board meeting, crucial decisions that affect the lives and education of children are made as he determines the needs of the students and families he is accountable to. But are those needs being communicated to his elected representatives in…

Charter school boards enter into a critical bargain: autonomy for accountability. Compared with their traditional district counterparts, they operate with relative freedom in curriculum, hiring, budgeting, and other operational decisions. In exchange, they are held accountable for student performance in ways that traditional district schools are…

In response to public pressure, urban districts in the USA have initiated reforms that aim at redrawing the boundaries between the school system and other major local institutions. More specifically, this article focuses on two emerging reform strategies. We will examine an emerging model of governance that enables big-city mayors to establish…

Mayoral control of public schools is nothing new. Boston pioneered the practice in 1992, replacing elected school committee members with mayoral appointees. Since then, a dozen urban districts--including Cleveland, Chicago, New York City, and Washington, D.C.--have undergone a similar change in school governance that has shifted some or most of…

Almost 40 percent of all public school students in the District of Columbia (D.C. or District) were enrolled in charter schools in the 2010-11 school year. The D.C. School Reform Act established the Public Charter School Board (PCSB) for the purpose of authorizing and overseeing charter schools. Congress required GAO (US Government Accountability…

Considerable attention has been paid to the most blatant barriers that public charter schools face. By lobbying against good charter legislation and fair funding, financing anti-charter studies and propaganda, filing lawsuits, and engaging the public battle of ideas, teacher unions and other charter opponents openly wage what might be called an…

Replacing boards of education conceived during the Progressive Era with mayoral control has been a popular reform strategy in urban districts such as Boston, Chicago, and New York City. A thorough review of the extant research, however, shows little evidence regarding its impact on governance, management, school organization, or teaching and…

In the 2004-2005 school year, District of Columbia (D.C.) charter schools enrolled more than 15,000 students, or approximately 21 percent of D.C.?s public school population--one of the highest proportions in the nation. Charter schools are public schools that are exempt from certain regulations in exchange for accountability in improving student…

RESEARCH TO TEST A MODEL WHICH CORRELATES THE TYPES OF SCHOOL LEADERSHIP AND THE COMMUNITY POWER STRUCTURE WITH THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IS PRESENTED. INTERVIEWERS GATHERED DATA FROM 23 BOARDS OF EDUCATION IN NEW YORK. THREE PROFESSIONAL JUDGES INDEPENDENTLY CLASSIFIED EACH BOARD ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING THREE-PART MODEL--(1) THE COMMUNITY POWER…

A GRIEVANCE IS A CHARGE THAT A POLICY AFFECTING WORKING CONDITIONS IS INADEQUATE OR HAS BEEN VIOLATED. TEACHER GRIEVANCE COMPLAINTS ARE PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH TEACHING LOAD, CLASS SIZE, PROMOTION, FACILITIES, SALARIES, AND TEACHER EVALUATION. GRIEVANCES USUALLY OCCUR IN A STRATIFIED EMPLOYMENT SETTING AND RESULT FROM POOR FORMULATION OR…

SPARSITY OF POPULATION, A MIGRATORY POPULATION, AND AN ETHNIC POPULATION INFLUENCE THE RISING COSTS OF RURAL EDUCATION. AN IMPORTANT GOAL IN FINANCING RURAL EDUCATION IS TO PROVIDE LOCAL SCHOOL BOARDS WITH THE FLEXIBILITY NECESSARY TO MEET ANY FINANCIAL NEEDS THAT ARISE. LOCAL SCHOOL SUPPORT COMES MAINLY FROM PROPERTY TAX, STATE SCHOOL SUPPORT…