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Knudsen, Daniel P.; Gentner, Timothy Q. – Brain and Language, 2010
Songbirds share a number of parallels with humans that make them an attractive model system for studying the behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the learning and processing of vocal communication signals. Here we review the perceptual and cognitive mechanisms of audition in birds, and emphasize the behavioral and neural basis…
Descriptors: Singing, Auditory Perception, Animals, Learning Processes
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Cloutman, Lauren L.; Newhart, Melisssa; Davis, Cameron L.; Heidler-Gary, Jennifer; Hillis, Argye E. – Brain and Language, 2011
Oral reading is a complex skill involving the interaction of orthographic, phonological, and semantic processes. Functional imaging studies with nonimpaired adult readers have identified a widely distributed network of frontal, inferior parietal, posterior temporal, and occipital brain regions involved in the task. However, while functional…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Oral Reading, Semantics
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Pulvermuller, Friedemann – Brain and Language, 2010
Neuroscience has greatly improved our understanding of the brain basis of abstract lexical and semantic processes. The neuronal devices underlying words and concepts are distributed neuronal assemblies reaching into sensory and motor systems of the cortex and, at the cognitive level, information binding in such widely dispersed circuits is…
Descriptors: Semantics, Syntax, Morphemes, Linguistics
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Turella, Luca; Pierno, Andrea C.; Tubaldi, Federico; Castiello, Umberto – Brain and Language, 2009
The widely known discovery of mirror neurons in macaques shows that premotor and parietal cortical areas are not only involved in executing one's own movement, but are also active when observing the action of others. The goal of this essay is to critically evaluate the substance of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission…
Descriptors: Neurology, Diagnostic Tests, Motion, Psychomotor Skills
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Pulvermuller, Friedemann; Shtyrov, Yury; Hauk, Olaf – Brain and Language, 2009
How long does it take the human mind to grasp the idea when hearing or reading a sentence? Neurophysiological methods looking directly at the time course of brain activity indexes of comprehension are critical for finding the answer to this question. As the dominant cognitive approaches, models of serial/cascaded and parallel processing, make…
Descriptors: Sentences, Comprehension, Time, Neurology
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Krishnan, Ananthanarayan; Gandour, Jackson T. – Brain and Language, 2009
Historically, the brainstem has been neglected as a part of the brain involved in language processing. We review recent evidence of language-dependent effects in pitch processing based on comparisons of native vs. nonnative speakers of a tonal language from electrophysiological recordings in the auditory brainstem. We argue that there is enhancing…
Descriptors: Tone Languages, Brain, Language Processing, Native Speakers
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Kemmerer, David; Castillo, Javier Gonzalez; Talavage, Thomas; Patterson, Stephanie; Wiley, Cynthia – Brain and Language, 2008
The Simulation Framework, also known as the Embodied Cognition Framework, maintains that conceptual knowledge is grounded in sensorimotor systems. To test several predictions that this theory makes about the neural substrates of verb meanings, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to scan subjects' brains while they made semantic…
Descriptors: Semantics, Verbs, Neurology, Motion
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Drake, Carrie T.; Iadecola, Costantino – Brain and Language, 2007
Well-regulated blood flow within the brain is vital to normal function. The brain's requirement for sufficient blood flow is ensured by a tight link between neural activity and blood flow. The link between regional synaptic activity and regional cerebral blood flow, termed functional hyperemia, is the basis for several modern imaging techniques…
Descriptors: Brain, Neurology, Laboratory Procedures, Metabolism
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Staudt, Martin; Ticini, Luca F.; Grodd, Wolfgang; Krageloh-Mann, Ingeborg; Karnath, Hans-Otto – Brain and Language, 2008
Early periventricular brain lesions can not only cause cerebral palsy, but can also induce a reorganization of language. Here, we asked whether these different functional consequences can be attributed to topographically distinct portions of the periventricular white matter damage. Eight patients with pre- and perinatally acquired left-sided…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Cerebral Palsy, Patients, Brain
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Sato, Marc; Mengarelli, Marisa; Riggio, Lucia; Gallese, Vittorio; Buccino, Giovanni – Brain and Language, 2008
Recent neurophysiological and brain imaging studies have shown that the motor system is involved in language processing. However, it is an open question whether this involvement is a necessary requisite to understand language or rather a side effect of distinct cognitive processes underlying it. In order to clarify this issue we carried out three…
Descriptors: Science Activities, Semantics, Verbs, Neurology
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Kurowski, Kathleen M.; Blumstein, Sheila E.; Palumbo, Carole L.; Waldstein, Robin S.; Burton, Martha W. – Brain and Language, 2007
The present study investigated the articulatory implementation deficits of Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics and their potential neuroanatomical correlates. Five Broca's aphasics, two Wernicke's aphasics, and four age-matched normal speakers produced consonant-vowel-(consonant) real word tokens consisting of [m, n] followed by [i, e, a, o, u]. Three…
Descriptors: Phonemes, Neurology, Speech Language Pathology, Aphasia
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Pulvermuller, Friedemann; Shtyrov, Yury; Hasting, Anna S.; Carlyon, Robert P. – Brain and Language, 2008
It has been a matter of debate whether the specifically human capacity to process syntactic information draws on attentional resources or is automatic. To address this issue, we recorded neurophysiological indicators of syntactic processing to spoken sentences while subjects were distracted to different degrees from language processing. Subjects…
Descriptors: Sentences, Syntax, Brain, Language Processing
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Wolff, Susann; Schlesewsky, Matthias; Hirotani, Masako; Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina – Brain and Language, 2008
We present two ERP studies on the processing of word order variations in Japanese, a language that is suited to shedding further light on the implications of word order freedom for neurocognitive approaches to sentence comprehension. Experiment 1 used auditory presentation and revealed that initial accusative objects elicit increased processing…
Descriptors: Sentence Structure, Word Order, Costs, Japanese
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Heiss, W.-D.; Thiel, A. – Brain and Language, 2006
Activation studies in patients with aphasia due to stroke or tumours in the dominant hemisphere have revealed effects of disinhibition in ipsilateral perilesional and in contralateral homotopic cortical regions, referred to as collateral and transcallosal disinhibition. These findings were supported by studies with selective disturbance of…
Descriptors: Aphasia, Patients, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Inhibition
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Sidtis, John J. – Brain and Language, 2007
Functional brain imaging has overshadowed traditional lesion studies in becoming the dominant approach to the study of brain-behavior relationships. The proponents of functional imaging studies frequently argue that this approach provides an advantage over lesion studies by observing normal brain activity in vivo without the disruptive effects of…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Neurology, Speech, Clinical Experience
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