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Martin, Kiley; Musaus, Madeline; Navabpour, Shaghayegh; Gustin, Aspen; Ray, W. Keith; Helm, Richard F.; Jarome, Timothy J. – Learning & Memory, 2021
Strong evidence supports a role for protein degradation in fear memory formation. However, these data have been largely done in only male animals. Here, we found that following contextual fear conditioning, females, but not males, had increased levels of proteasome activity and K48 polyubiquitin protein targeting in the dorsal hippocampus, the…
Descriptors: Fear, Memory, Gender Differences, Animals
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Oruro, Enver Miguel; Pardo, Grace V. E.; Lucion, Aldo B.; Calcagnotto, Maria Elisa; Idiart, Marco A. P. – Learning & Memory, 2020
Studies have shown that neonate rodents exhibit high ability to learn a preference for novel odors associated with thermo-tactile stimuli that mimics maternal care. Artificial odors paired with vigorous strokes in rat pups younger than 10 postnatal days (P), but not older, rapidly induce an orientation-approximation behavior toward the conditioned…
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Cytology, Learning Processes, Preferences
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Williams, Amy R.; Kim, Earnest S.; Lattal, K. Matthew – Learning & Memory, 2019
A fundamental property of extinction is that the behavior that is suppressed during extinction can be unmasked through a number of postextinction procedures. Of the commonly studied unmasking procedures (spontaneous recovery, reinstatement, contextual renewal, and rapid reacquisition), rapid reacquisition is the only approach that allows a direct…
Descriptors: Fear, Conditioning, Context Effect, Memory
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Knox, Dayan; Stanfield, Briana R.; Staib, Jennifer M.; David, Nina P.; Keller, Samantha M.; DePietro, Thomas – Learning & Memory, 2016
Single prolonged stress (SPS) has been used to examine mechanisms via which stress exposure leads to post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. SPS induces fear extinction retention deficits, but neural circuits critical for mediating these deficits are unknown. To address this gap, we examined the effect of SPS on neural activity in brain regions…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Stress Variables, Stress Management, Fear
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Butler, Christopher W.; Wilson, Yvette M.; Gunnersen, Jenny M.; Murphy, Mark – Learning & Memory, 2015
Memory formation is thought to occur via enhanced synaptic connectivity between populations of neurons in the brain. However, it has been difficult to localize and identify the neurons that are directly involved in the formation of any specific memory. We have previously used "fos-tau-lacZ" ("FTL") transgenic mice to identify…
Descriptors: Fear, Memory, Animals, Animal Behavior
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Pevzner, Aleksandr; Guzowski, John F. – Learning & Memory, 2015
No studies to date have examined whether immediate-early gene (IEG) activation is driven by context memory recall. To address this question, we utilized the context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE) paradigm. In CPFE, animals acquire contextual fear conditioning through hippocampus-dependent rapid retrieval of a previously formed contextual…
Descriptors: Genetics, Correlation, Recall (Psychology), Context Effect
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Darvas, Martin; Fadok, Jonathan P.; Palmiter, Richard D. – Learning & Memory, 2011
Two-way active avoidance (2WAA) involves learning Pavlovian (association of a sound cue with a foot shock) and instrumental (shock avoidance) contingencies. To identify regions where dopamine (DA) is involved in mediating 2WAA, we restored DA signaling in specific brain areas of dopamine-deficient (DD) mice by local reactivation of conditionally…
Descriptors: Animals, Classical Conditioning, Genetics, Biochemistry
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Panksepp, Jaak; Burgdorf, Jeffrey – American Journal of Play, 2010
In this reprint of a seminal article, once considered quite controversial, the authors discuss their radical claim that rats laugh. Even more provocative, the authors found that this rat-joy sound, especially evident during play, could be amplified dramatically by what they formally call heterospecific (cross-species) handplay (tickling). The…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Play, Emotional Response
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Lamoureux, Jeffrey A.; Meck, Warren H.; Williams, Christina L. – Learning & Memory, 2008
The effects of prenatal choline availability on Pavlovian conditioning were assessed in adult male rats (3-4 mo). Neither supplementation nor deprivation of prenatal choline affected the acquisition and extinction of simple Pavlovian conditioned excitation, or the acquisition and retardation of conditioned inhibition. However, prenatal choline…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Prenatal Influences, Learning Processes, Nutrition
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Shum, Fanny W. F.; Wu, Long-Jun; Zhao, Ming-Gao; Toyoda, Hiroki; Xu, Hui; Ren, Ming; Pinaud, Raphael; Ko, Shanelle W.; Lee, Yong-Seok; Kaang, Bong-Kiun; Zhuo, Min – Learning & Memory, 2007
Exposure to an enriched environment (EE) has been shown to induce cortical plasticity. Considerable amount of research is focused on the effects of EE in the hippocampus; however, effects of EE on other brain regions and the mechanisms involved are not well known. To investigate this, we induced cortical plasticity by placing mice in an EE for one…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Milieu Therapy, Therapeutic Environment, Investigations
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Yun, Sung H.; Lee, Deok S.; Lee, Hyunjung; Baeg, Eun H.; Kim, Yun B.; Jung, Min W. – Learning & Memory, 2007
To obtain evidence linking long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory, we examined whether LTP induction modifies functional relationship among neurons in the rat hippocampus. In contrast to neurons in low-frequency stimulated or AP5-treated slices, LTP induction altered "functional connectivity," as defined by the degree of synchronous firing, among…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Mnemonics, Perceptual Motor Coordination, Stimulation
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Tinsley, Matthew R.; Quinn, Jennifer J.; Fanselow, Michael S. – Learning & Memory, 2004
Aversive conditioning is an ideal model for studying cholinergic effects on the processes of learning and memory for several reasons. First, deficits produced by selective lesions of the anatomical structures shown to be critical for Pavlovian fear conditioning and inhibitory avoidance (such as the amygdala and hippocampus) resemble those deficits…
Descriptors: Memory, Fear, Classical Conditioning, Inhibition
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Holahan, Matthew R.; White, Norman M. – Learning & Memory, 2004
Rats were trained by shocking them in a closed compartment. When subsequently tested in the same closed compartment with no shock, normal rats showed an increased tendency to freeze. They also showed an increased tendency to actively avoid the compartment when given access to an adjacent neutral compartment for the first time. Amygdala…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Animal Behavior, Drug Use, Experimental Psychology
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Messaoudi, Belkacem; Granjon, Lionel; Mouly, Anne-Marie; Sevelinges, Yannick; Gervais, Remi – Learning & Memory, 2004
The widely used Pavlovian fear-conditioning paradigms used for studying the neurobiology of learning and memory have mainly used auditory cues as conditioned stimuli (CS). The present work assessed the neural network involved in olfactory fear conditioning, using olfactory bulb stimulation-induced field potential signal (EFP) as a marker of…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Animals, Auditory Stimuli, Cues