Descriptor
| Busing | 7 |
| School Desegregation | 5 |
| Black Students | 3 |
| Court Litigation | 3 |
| Desegregation Effects | 3 |
| Elementary Education | 3 |
| Migration | 3 |
| Racial Integration | 3 |
| Statistical Analysis | 3 |
| Whites | 3 |
| Academic Achievement | 2 |
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Author
| Carr, Leslie G. | 2 |
| Armor, David J. | 1 |
| Ikpa, Vivian | 1 |
| Ikpa, Vivian W. | 1 |
| Pell, Terence J. | 1 |
| Zeigler, Donald J. | 1 |
| Zeller, Richard A. | 1 |
Publication Type
| Journal Articles | 7 |
| Opinion Papers | 3 |
| Reports - Research | 3 |
| Information Analyses | 2 |
| Numerical/Quantitative Data | 1 |
Education Level
Audience
| Researchers | 1 |
Location
| Virginia (Norfolk) | 7 |
Laws, Policies, & Programs
| Education Consolidation… | 1 |
Assessments and Surveys
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Peer reviewedZeller, Richard A. – Urban Education, 1990
Examines what Carr found when he investigated the accuracy of David Armor's predictions on the effects of continuing and discontinuing busing in Norfolk (Virginia). Argues against Carr's assertions that because Armor's predictions were in error, there is no White flight in response to busing. (JS)
Descriptors: Busing, Court Litigation, Desegregation Effects, Migration
Peer reviewedCarr, Leslie G. – Urban Education, 1990
Discusses research on possible resegregation effects that busing has had on the Norfolk (Virginia) schools due to "White flight" since desegregation began. Studies of enrollment from 1981 to 1988 show that ending busing after a court decision in 1986 has increased resegregation in Norfolk. (JS)
Descriptors: Black Students, Busing, Court Litigation, Elementary Education
Pell, Terence J. – New Perspectives, 1986
When the Norfolk, VA, school board voted to end mandatory busing to achieve racial integration, questions on the following issues were raised: (1) civil rights; (2) the property-based school tax system; and (3) impact on educational quality. (LHW)
Descriptors: Busing, Civil Rights, Desegregation Plans, Educational Quality
Peer reviewedArmor, David J. – Sociology of Education, 1991
Refutes criticisms by L. G. Carr and D. J. Ziegler of the author's predictions concerning mandatory busing in Norfolk, Virginia. Charges that Carr and Ziegler ignored or miscalculated statistical evidence. Concludes that canceling forced busing would have brought White students back to secondary schools, as it did to elementary schools. (SG)
Descriptors: Busing, Elementary Secondary Education, Enrollment Projections, Enrollment Trends
Peer reviewedIkpa, Vivian – Educational Research Quarterly, 1993
A study of the effects of gender, race, and participation in the Chapter 1 program on the achievement gap between students in grade 3 (mandated busing year) and grade 4 (after termination of busing) for 434 students in Norfolk (Virginia) indicates declines in achievement test score for both African-American and white students. (SLD)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Tests, Black Students, Busing
Peer reviewedCarr, Leslie G.; Zeigler, Donald J. – Sociology of Education, 1990
Uses Norfolk, Virginia, School Board enrollment figures for 1981-89 and telephone interviews with parents to test predictions about White flight from Norfolk public schools resulting from busing. Repudiates the federal courts justifications for ending busing in 1986. Suggests White enrollment patterns reflect demographic changes. Shows increase in…
Descriptors: Busing, Court Litigation, Educational Research, Elementary Secondary Education
Peer reviewedIkpa, Vivian W. – Educational Research Quarterly, 1994
Effects of the policy of mandated busing for integration on overall achievement test scores of African-American children were studied with 434 elementary school students in Norfolk (Virginia). Achievement test scores declined after the elimination of mandated busing. School characteristics explained 9% of the variance in scores for all students.…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Tests, Black Students, Busing
