The New Paltz, New York, school district has used the IBM Vehicle Scheduling Program (VSP) for scheduling its bus runs. In the process the district has reduced its transportation costs by 33.9 percent over a two-year period. (IRT)

School desegregation efforts in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, can serve as a model for other systems with similar Black and White population ratios. Milwaukee school desegregation has combined limited busing, improved conditions in all-Blacks schools, and a limit of no more than 50 percent of Black students in integrated schools. (AOS)

Data from a survey of Boston resldents support the solidarity theorists' argument that social cohesion increases protest. The Boston data, however, also support the breakdown theorists' hypothesis that discontented individuals are more likely to protest than others. Finally, the data undercut the breakdown theorists' hypothesis that…

A brief debate on the effectiveness of busing. (CM)

Describes a Florida superintendent's harrowing experience after ignoring the governor's directive to defy a court order to begin forced student busing. The superintendent and the courts eventually triumphed by acting in the best interests of the students and the school system. The governor was fined and lost his bid for reelection. (MLH)

Clarifies some myths that dominated the story of Boston's school desegregation since 1974 and the Judge involved (Judge Garrity). Myths include: Judge Garrity ruined an excellent school system; busing caused great disruption throughout Boston; busing created white flight from Boston; and Judge Garrity was a heartless adjudicator who cared little…

Interrogates the record of George Bush, Sr. regarding his legacy on civil rights and school desegregation, discussing school desegregation and busing, his administration's challenge to busing, change and continuity in his administration's school desegregation policies, and the emergence of Hispanic education as an issue. The paper concludes that…

In the past decade, school districts around the country have sought to improve struggling urban high schools, where high dropout rates, poor student achievement, and low rates of graduation and college-going remain all too prevalent. In a field crowded with reform initiatives, Project Graduation Really Achieves Dreams (GRAD) stands out as…

Using a sample of l00 low-income suburban mothers of Head Start preschoolers, a study was conducted to determine (1) the extent that low-income mothers' perceptions, conceptions, and attitudes differ on desegregation; and (2) the extent that low-income mothers differ, as a result of having or not having children participate in mandatory…

This booklet describes the process of desegregation in the Cleveland Public School System. It begins with chronological history of the case of Reed v. Rhodes and other milestones in the desegregation struggle in Cleveland. This is followed by a section describing the Constitutional violations that were cited as causing segregated schools, the…

Court cases dealing with school desegregation have become increasingly complex over the years. The major portion of this paper highlights six of those cases, which provide a picture of the shifting positions of the federal judiciary on the subject. The purpose of the discussion is to allow school administrators to incorporate the current law into…

The relative strength of racial and nonracial factors in motivating the public's opinion about busing has both theoretical and policy implications. If nonracial, especially self interest, factors are the strongest motives for opposition, then the success of busing, and of school desegregation in general, will depend upon the ability of the…

This study examined the effects of desegregation on the achievement scores of second grade students in Louisville, Kentucky, who participated in the system's desegregation plan. The Stanford Achievement Tests were administered to students at the end of first grade to determine achievement levels in reading and mathematics. At the end of second…

This research supports the conceptualization of staff racial composition, busing, and classroom resegregation as control-relevant variables in schools, finding that each interacts with school racial composition in the prediction of White intergroup relations. (Author/RM)