Chapter 4 reveals the tensions in ETL--between its transformative orientation and transmission-based implementation--and among different policy actors. If there is no common or shared understanding about ETL among the policymakers, how local actors can make sense of the policy anyway? This is the central question that this chapter tries to unpack.…

This paper explores the policies and ideologies affecting language education in Rhode Island, where as a result of a State Language Roadmap, groups are working at the grassroots level toward the implementation of dual language immersion in all public school districts. The author points out that while the push from business for multilingual…

The World Conference on Education for All held in Jomtien, Thailand, in March 1990 was influential in the spread of student-centered pedagogies in low-income countries (Ginsburg, 2010). A document prepared in this conference considered the active and participatory teaching approaches as "particularly valuable in assuring learning acquisition…

The meaning of a certain policy is not given. It is shaped by the interaction among written policy, people, and contexts in which people do the policy (Honig, 2006). From this perspective, pedagogical reform is a complex social practice in which various actors construct and reconstruct the meaning of teaching and learning. In the case of…

Scholars who study Southeast Asian American (SEAA) communities are in consensus that this group's realities diverge from their Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) counterparts. In fact, nearly four decades after large-scale immigration as political refugees from Southeast Asia (SEA), this population composed of Cambodians, Hmong, Laotians,…

In the mid-1980s, the federal government designated the community in which this study was conducted as a relocation site for Southeast Asian refugees. The local school district received more than 300 students in grades k-8 from Cambodia and Laos. The students had limited formal schooling, had lived in refugee camps for 2-5 years, and less than 5%…

This study reviews empirical data from the U.S. Census, American Community Survey (ACS) and academic journals to explore K-12 and higher educational outcomes pertaining to Southeast Asian American (SEAA) males. We argue that the empirical dismissal of SEAA males in social science research reinforces a longstanding agenda of structural neglect and…

Project Technological Enrichment and Achievement for Cambodians and Hispanics (TEACH) served limited-English-proficient (LEP) students from several Caribbean and Central American countries and Cambodia at Theodore Roosevelt High School (Bronx, New York). The goals of the program were to help LEP students adjust academically and culturally to life…

This document provides a State by State overview of the child count and grant awards under the Indochina Refugee Children Assistance Program for fiscal years 1978 and 1980. The Indochina Refugee Children Assistance Program provides Federal financial assistance to States for educational services to Indochinese refugee children aged 5 through 17…

This bilingual guide for Khmer-speaking parents presents parenting information to supplement a course in English as a Second Language. It focuses on topics parents must deal with in meeting the needs of their children. Vocabulary and practice drills are presented for activities in the following areas: (1) education and dealing with the school…

Intended to help educators better understand the behavior of students from Southeast Asia as a function of culture, the paper provides information on family life. Childrearing attitudes are considered for the infant to toddler (0-3 years) age span and the preschool child (3-5 years). A chart compares child rearing practices in American and…

This is an annotated bibliography of educational materials for Indochinese students. The bibliography focuses on classroom materials for Indochinese students, but also includes teacher-training materials. There is one section each for Indochinese, Vietnamese, Lao/Hmong, Cambodian (Khmer), and Chinese materials. The Vietnamese and Cambodian…

This booklet about the cultural background of Cambodia is one of three booklets that serve as a foundation for understanding the cultural diversity and values of Cambodian, Laotian, and Vietnamese students. Cambodia, or Kampuchea, has a population of about 7,000,000 and is located in mainland Southeast Asia. Its history is divided into the…

Describes three programs of school-community collaboration which have the following goals: (1) helping children develop a commitment to their communities; (2) helping refugees adapt to their new communities; and (3) helping schools deal with student discipline problems. (PS)

This document comprises three booklets that serve as a foundation for understanding the cultural diversity and values of Cambodian, Laotian, and Vietnamese students. Each booklet reviews the country's history and geography. "Introduction to Cambodian Culture" (S. Chhim) discusses the following topics: (1) the Khmer concept of individual…