Mathematics was considered to be a universal language that God used to write the book of nature. Many of the greatest mathematicians (such as Descartes, Leibniz, Euler, Cantor) saw their mathematical work as a way to have a clearer insight into the existence of God and His infinity, as well as to glorify His name. This paper explores the mathematics-theology relation in the works of some of the greatest mathematicians from the fifteenth century to the present day. It also discusses how this information could be used to introduce the investigation of the reality of mathematics as divine language in the mathematics curricula of Catholic universities and colleges. At advanced levels, students need to understand Mathematics not only as a secular subject of technical utility, but also as a rich culture in which ideas of transcendence can be explored.