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Direct linkJaime León; Fernando Martínez-Abad – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2025
Background: Grade retention is an educational aspect that concerns teachers, families, and experts. It implies an economic cost for families, as well as a personal cost for the student, who is forced to study one more year. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of course repetition on math, science and reading competencies, and…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Academic Achievement, Scores, Foreign Countries
