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Xiaotian Dai; Gareth J. Williams; John A. Groeger; Gary Jones; Keeley Brookes; Wei Zhou; Jing Hua; Wenchong Du – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2025
Increasing evidence highlights the role of disrupted circadian rhythms in the neural dysfunctions and sleep disturbances observed in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, the causality and directionality of these associations remain unclear. In this study, we employed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Sleep
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Detong Guo; Wenchao Sheng; Yingzi Cai; Jianbo Shu; Chunquan Cai – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2024
Background: Lipid metabolism plays an essential role in nervous system development. Cholesterol deficiency leads to a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and fragile X syndrome. There have been a lot of efforts to search for biological markers associated with and causal to ADHD, among which lipid is one…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Genetic Disorders, Metabolism, Biochemistry
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Zuxing Wang; Hongru Zhu; Lili Chen; Chenyu Gan; Wenjiao Min; Jun Xiao; Zhili Zou; Ying He – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2024
Objective: Previous research suggests a potential link between unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and ADHD, but the causal relationship remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the causal association between ADHD and UFAs using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: Summary data from genome-wide association studies were used to…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Biochemistry, Metabolism
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Çagatay Tunca; Ibrahim Hakan Güllü; Saadet Demirtas Inci; Kamuran Kalkan; Ruken Demirkol Tunca; Aysegül Efe; Ayse Nur Özkaya Ibis; Alperen Tas; Mehmet Taha Özkan; Veysel Ozan Tanik; Orçun Ortaköylü; Nail Burak Özbeyaz – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2025
Objective: ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, seen in children and adolescents, and is often treated with various pharmacological agents, especially methylphenidate. There are differing opinions in the literature regarding the cardiovascular safety of long-term methylphenidate use. Studies suggest that the drug may…
Descriptors: Late Adolescents, Young Adults, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Heart Disorders
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Irene Campos-Sánchez; Eva María Navarrete-Muñoz; Dries S. Martens; Isolina Riaño-Galán; Aitana Lertxundi; Sabrina Llop; Mónica Guxens; Cristina Rodríguez-Dehli; Nerea Lertxundi; Raquel Soler-Blasco; Martine Vrijheid; Tim S. Nawrot; John Wright; Tiffany C. Yang; Rosie McEachan; Kristine Bjerve Gützkow; Vaia Lida Chatzi; Marina Vafeiadi; Mariza Kampouri; Regina Grazuleviciene; Sandra Andrusaityte; Johanna Lepeule; Desirée Valera-Gran – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2025
Objective: To explore the association between telomere length (TL) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children at 6-12 years. Method: Data from 1,759 children belonging to the HELIX project cohorts and the Asturias, Gipuzkoa and Valencia cohorts of INMA project were included. TL was determined by blood sample using a…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Genetic Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Mothers
Michelle L. Bianco – ProQuest LLC, 2024
The purpose of this quantitative, non-experimental, causal-comparative study is to determine if there is a difference in the writing motivation of students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and students without ADHD in online college composition I courses. The study of writing motivation in relation to ADHD in online college…
Descriptors: Student Motivation, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Electronic Learning, Writing Instruction
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Sokolova, Elena; Oerlemans, Anoek M.; Rommelse, Nanda N.; Groot, Perry; Hartman, Catharina A.; Glennon, Jeffrey C.; Claassen, Tom; Heskes, Tom; Buitelaar, Jan K. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2017
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often comorbid. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between ASD and ADHD symptoms by applying causal modeling. We used a large phenotypic data set of 417 children with ASD and/or ADHD, 562 affected and unaffected siblings, and 414 controls,…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Causal Models, Mediation Theory
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Groen-Blokhuis, Maria M.; Middeldorp, Christel M.; van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M.; Boomsma, Dorret I. – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011
Objective: Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with attention problems (AP) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The etiology of this association is unclear. We investigate whether there is a causal influence of birth weight (BW) on AP and whether the BW effect is mediated by catch-up growth (CUG) in low-BW children. Method:…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Twins, Body Weight, Etiology
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Metcalfe, Lindsay A.; Harvey, Elizabeth A.; Laws, Holly B. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2013
Existing research suggests that there is a relation between academic/cognitive deficits and externalizing behavior in young children, but the direction of this relation is unclear. The present study tested competing models of the relation between academic/cognitive functioning and behavior problems during early childhood. Participants were 221…
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Cognitive Ability, Academic Ability, Behavior Problems
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de Kwaadsteniet, Leontien; Hagmayer, York; Krol, Nicole P. C. M.; Witteman, Cilia L. M. – Psychological Assessment, 2010
An important reason to choose an intervention to treat psychological problems of clients is the expectation that the intervention will be effective in alleviating the problems. The authors investigated whether clinicians base their ratings of the effectiveness of interventions on models that they construct representing the factors causing and…
Descriptors: Intervention, Causal Models, Psychologists, Cognitive Mapping
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Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S.; Halperin, Jeffrey M. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010
Early intervention approaches have rarely been implemented for the prevention of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this paper we explore whether such an approach may represent an important new direction for therapeutic innovation. We propose that such an approach is most likely to be of value when grounded in and informed by…
Descriptors: Early Intervention, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Causal Models, Developmental Stages
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Dickstein, Steven G.; Bannon, Katie; Castellanos, F. Xavier; Milham, Michael P. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006
Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent and commonly studied forms of psychopathology in children and adolescents. Causal models of ADHD have long implicated dysfunction in fronto-striatal and frontal-parietal networks supporting executive function, a hypothesis that can now be examined…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Causal Models, Inhibition, Psychopathology
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Coghill, Dave; Nigg, Joel; Rothenberger, Aribert; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund; Tannock, Rosemary – Developmental Science, 2005
In this paper we examine the current status of the science of ADHD from a theoretical point of view. While the field has reached the point at which a number of causal models have been proposed, it remains some distance away from demonstrating the viability of such models empirically. We identify a number of existing barriers and make proposals as…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Barriers, Environmental Influences
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Smith, Lesley A.; Williams, Joanne M. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2004
This study explores children's understanding of the causal origins of disabilities. Using a forced-choice explanation task, children's understanding of social-psychological, physical, and biological causal explanations of disabilities was considered. We presented 79 children (26 4- to 5-year-olds, 26 6- to 7-year-olds, and 27 10- to 11-year-olds)…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Interviews, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Physical Disabilities