Forest kindergartens are a new idea in the United States but have been around in Germany, Norway, and other European countries for decades. Forest "kindergartens" are preschools for children ages 3-6 and focus on being outdoors and learning through interacting with nature. Instead of building with blocks or doing puzzles at a table…

Examines certification and licensing of librarians in the United States and Canada from the perspective of differences between the two concepts and through historical analysis of applications of each. A contextual framework for studying applications of these concepts to other professions is provided. (nine references) (MES)

Provides brief history of certification in rehabilitation counseling by focusing attention on significant milestones achieved in the development of the certification process. Provides current description of Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC), along with discussion of recent innovations, current certification process, and…

Discusses employment counseling as practiced during past 30 years in U.S. Employment Services (now Job Service), including historical forces that affected employment counseling, their consequences over this time period, and employment counseling training initiatives. Describes Competency-Based Employment Counselor Training Model and identifies…

The United States Gymnastics Safety Association was formed as a self-regulating procedure to help ensure the status of gymnastics and to make the sport safer. The association developed a certification program to educate its coaches, ensure safer programs, and to aid in legal matters. (DF)

Traces historical development of regulatory practices in school psychology for individual and institutional credentials. Presents certification from state departments of education, licensure by state psychology boards, and credentials administered by professional groups (National Register of Health Services Providers in Psychology, National School…

Discusses licensure and credentialing in rehabilitation counseling in the context of larger professional and social movements. Introduces critical aspects affecting licensure movement for rehabilitation counselors; provides overview of history of counselor licensure and participation of rehabilitation counselors; and describes issues current…

The origin of licensure in the medical professions is outlined beginning in Europe around the first century with the examination of potential physicians by the most respected physician in the land. The origins, advantages, and disadvantages of licensure in several occupations are reviewed. (Author/CT)

Traces historical roots of creation of first art therapy licensure bill to be written and entered into state legislative system. Explains concept development, writing of legislation, how bill was introduced, transformation and evolution to omnibus bill, and factors pertinent to passing of legislation during 1993 New Mexico Legislative Session.…

This chapter considers the need for professional certification of instructional developers and describes the work of various organizations in this area. The differences between certification, accreditation, and licensure are examined, and the certification efforts of the Division of Instructional Development (DID) of the Association for…

This dissertation traces the history of day care licensing standards in Texas from the beginnings in voluntary welfare organizations to the 1976 revisions. Chapter I gives an overview of the study. The beginnings and subsequent development of day care as it emerged from a multiplicity of child welfare and education concerns is traced in Chapter…

This bulletin on requirements by States and Territories for the certification of school librarians was prepared to provide a compilation of current certification regulations for school librarians and a summary of practices in formulating these regulations. The requirements for each State were obtained from either the State school library…

This paper examines the history of midwifery in Appalachia. Throughout history, women in labor have been supported by other women. Midwives learned as apprentices, gaining skills and knowledge from older women. Eventually, formalized training for midwives was developed in Europe, but no professional training existed in the United States until…

Part of a larger effort initiated by the Children's Defense Fund through project Child Watch, a national survey was made to obtain information about the effects of deregulating day care programs. Each state licensing agency was asked to submit a copy of current day care standards and to respond to questions concerning licensing changes since 1980.…

This chapter considers the relationships between accreditation, certification, and training for educational technologists and instructional developers, and examines the role of feedback and quality control in these relationships. The history of the development of educational technology provides background for understanding some of the problems…