This paper discusses the responses of schools and teachers in England and some other developed countries to Trans children, that is, those who feel that their assigned sex at birth was not correct. These children may be defined as Trans, that is wanting to change their assigned sex, or in other ways, such as having gender distress or dysphoria, or…

An educational advocate and parent of a hearing impaired child discusses her role. She cites the need for advocacy and briefly mentions problems with due process cases in Pennsylvania. She lists techniques for individual advocacy (such as an advocacy record of parent-school negotiations and school records) as well as for systemwide advocacy…

The paper explores the dual role of the advocate for physically disabled students in higher education. Considered is the advocates responsibility in helping the student deal with five principal groups: peers, professors, administrators, family, and the community. The dual mission of advocates is seen to include acting as the one who argues on the…

This presentation reviews the history of the Southern Association on Children under Six (40th, Richmond, VA, April present, and identifies emergent historical themes of the organization, its leadership, and its membership. SACUS began in Nashville, Tennessee, on March 27, 1948, when Polly McVickar called a meeting of 27 persons who were interested…

The need for and the process of formulating an international declaration of the psychological rights of the child are detailed. The tentative declaration issued by International School Psychology is outlined, efforts for soliciting involvement in the process of improving the declaration are considered, and implications of adopting and implementing…

Interviews with parents of deaf children, some with maternal rubella, are described in terms of the parents' concerns for the future.

The role of surrogate parents in advocating for handicapped children whose parents or guardians are unknown or unavailable, or children who are wards of the state is discussed and a surrogate parent training program in South Dakota is described. The program provides 20 hours of instruction including lecture and large group discussion, small group…

When there is evidence of severe child abuse or neglect, the school must be the child's advocate and defender. Basically, child advocacy is concerned with identifying and correcting ongoing practices and policies that violate legal and human rights or that are seriously harmful to children. The main targets are the institutional barriers that…

A broad base for understanding what critical literacy is can be created by understanding three views of critical theory: critical social theory, feminist theory, and child advocacy. When each is brought to bear on the schooling rituals associated with literacy instruction, interesting commonalities among the three views emerge. Critical approaches…

This paper addresses the concept of child advocacy as a service strategy for troubled youth, particularly juvenile delinquents. The shortcomings of more traditional approaches to these youth and the concomitant recommendations for the use of advocacy are reviewed. The lack of clearly specified operating principles and techniques for advocacy…

Children's developing concept of time is important in socialization, but a contradiction is implied in asking children to educate themselves for the future when both children and adults are aware of the threat of nuclear annihilation. The development of time concepts can be traced through infancy, preschool, elementary school and adolescence, and…

The participants in this conference represent the fields of law and medicine, government and private agencies, foundations and academia. The papers presented deal with: justice in child health; the pursuit of justice for children in contemporary society; legal rights of children to health care; the role of the private sector in securing the rights…

This paper discusses the stresses our society places on parents, the influence of fathers on their children's development, how parents can actively influence development, individual differences in temperament among children, and environmental as well as ecological factors that affect the development of children. Concluding remarks focus on the…

This paper brings together and discusses the implications of various statements of children's rights and legislation protecting children. The Declaration on the Rights of the Child, proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 20 November 1959 is detailed in terms of individual and social rights. The new (1979) Youth Protection Act…

The book contains 26 essays presented at a 1977 national conference on Implementation of Developmental Disabilities Protection Advocacy Systems. Essays cover the legal and philosophical foundations of protection and advocacy, the management and evaluation of protection and advocacy systems, the training of advocates, resources, and outreach. The…