Evidence from twin studies points to substantial environmental influences on intelligence, but the specifics of this influence are unclear. This study examined one developmental process that potentially causes intelligence differences: learning to read. In 1,890 twin pairs tested at 7, 9, 10, 12, and 16 years, a cross-lagged…

A Foster-Grandparent Program group received part-time mothering'' by elderly institutional aids for a period of up to more than 4 years. A control group resided in a similar institution which did not provide supplementary foster grandparent'' care. There was a significant difference in IQ in favor of the FGP children. (Author)

Examines consequences of family poverty for child development, noting evidence that deep or persistent poverty early in childhood adversely affects children's ability and achievement. Argues that although the 1996 welfare reforms spurred many welfare-to-work transitions, their time limits and sanctions are likely to deepen poverty among some…

The concepts of front, back, and side may be easily understood in relation to an intrinsically fronted item, but with a nonfronted object they depend on situational or psychological cues. A study investigated a child's awareness of the front, back, and side of his own body and of fronted and nonfronted objects. Researchers hypothesized that a…

A rating-scale instrument was devised to clarify the relationship between children's judgments of naughtiness of a story character and the story's description of the character's intent and the consequences of his behavior. (Author)

The present study explores the specific environmental influences in the intellectual development of 24 adoptive infants living in middle class families. (Author)

A four-and-a-half-year longitudinal experiment reconsidered the contribution of organic impairment to the genesis of mild mental retardation among disadvantaged children. It was hypothesized that nonoptimal perinatal conditions might result in deficits that increase a child's vulnerability to environmental risk factors. Study results supported the…