In this study, the role of adult response patterns in shaping and maintaining independent behavior in preschoolers is examined. Results indicate that independent and dependent behaviors are both strongly under the control of environmental contingencies of both boys and girls. (Author/WI)

The task group report presented in this publication is one of a series prepared by eminent psychologists who have served as consultants in the U.S. Office of Education-sponsored grant study to conduct a Critical Appraisal of the Personality-Emotions-Motivation Domain. In order to achieve the goal of identifying important problems and areas for new…

The task group report presented in this publication is one of a series prepared by eminent psychologists who have served as consultants in the U.S.O.E.-sponsored grant study to conduct a Critical Appraisal of the Personality-Emotions-Motivation Domain. In order to achieve the goal of identifying important problems and areas for new research and…

The purposes of this paper are: (1) to identify uses of the term social competence for preschool and early school children, with origins directly in research, and (2) to formulate a definition of social competence reflecting consensus across three different research perspectives. From an ethnological perspective, social competence consists of…

This paper challenges those involved in early childhood education to reexamine unquestioned assumptions concerning the benefits of early schooling. A synergic effect is posited by bringing together research areas that had formerly remained somewhat autonomous: Neurophysiology, vision, hearing, parent attitudes, affective domain, comparative school…

This study compared self-regulation and external regulation procedures in the treatment of children's disruptive classroom behavior. Following the collection of baseline data, three of the four most disruptive children in each of 10 first and second grade classrooms were reinforced by the experimenter for achieving low rates of disruptive…

IT WAS HYPOTHESIZED THAT FOUR PRIMARY FACTORS SIGNIFICANTLY INTERACT TO AFFECT THE PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN. THESE FACTORS WERE (1) FAMILY BACKGROUND VARIABLES, (2) PARENTAL CHILD-REARING PRACTICE AND ATTITUDE VARIABLES, (3) CHILD PERSONALITY AND SELF-CONCEPT VARIABLES, AND (4) CHILD-PEER RELATIONSHIP VARIABLES. THE PURPOSE OF THIS…

Findings based on extended analyses of cognitive, familial, personality, and social-behavioral data from two previous research investigations are presented. Data for the main study, i.e., the present study, was collected principally by means of interviews. Findings of the principal study include the following: (1) Parental figures living in the…