This study examined variables related to problem-solving approaches of young children, using the theoretical framework provided by Zigler and collaborators in their work on outerdirectedness. Four aspects of outerdirectedness were examined: developmental trends, different types of reinforcement, task difficulty, and pride in accomplishment. (ST)

Research cited supports the conclusion that early childhood education should not be taken out of the home and placed in schools and day care centers. The risks of speeding up children's learning, the value of mothering and the contradictions between research and practical application are examined. (ST)

Discusses the education of Indian children (Navajo) in kindergarten who learn in a bilingual-bicultural program. Their instruction begins in Navajo, with English taught as a second language. (Author/RK)

Examines current books and articles on educational problems, which the author refers to as literature of crisis," and concludes that these works should be read along with other genres of literature which examine human problems of communication and commitment. (VJ)

Uses Erikson's five stages of psychosocial development to examine the socialization of athletes. Because athletic ability is so heavily rewarded by adults and peers, athletes may prematurely commit themselves to unrealistic objectives and aspirations. Concerned counselors can help athletes define realistic educational and career goals. (JAC)

Explores social-welfare structure for child development in Denmark within the context of the laws and policies of the state and various institutions. The Danish social-welfare system, Danish children's education, out-of-school facilities, culture, books and reading, and public libraries (facilities, materials, and services) are examined.…

Describes seizure disorders as affecting the individual's and the family's sense of control and the individual's consolidation of a sense of mastery in the environment. Suggests seizures may distort family negotiations by affecting parent's and child's transactions over issues related to the child's autonomy and competence. Discusses therapeutic…

Defines basic rights of institutionalized children to be (1) achievement of developmental goals, (2) protection and sustenance, and (3) therapy (corrective intervention and control). Identifies criteria for determining child abuse in institutional settings and describes steps that would improve the reporting and investigation of child abuse and…

Studied the effects of maternal employment on mother-child relations and children's psychosocial functioning. Mother-son pairs (N=28) were divided into maternal working versus maternal nonworking groups. Groups were observed at home and in a laboratory. Results indicated no significant main effects or interaction effects for maternal working…

Discusses research design errors including: (1) poor control over extraneous natural covariates of family type, particularly socioeconomic status; (2) unrepresentative samples; and (3) invalid dependent measures. Reports on conceptual blind spots, which include equation of conventional with healthy behavior and failure to anticipate either…

Briefly reviews major approaches and findings of past research on children of divorce, describes the articles chosen for this journal issue, and presents questions for future research. (Author/GC)

Martin argues that the accepted interpretation of Rousseau's philosophy of education, as revealed in "Emile," is fundamentally mistaken because it fails to acknowledge his discussion of the education of girls. She proposes that Rousseau intended a production and not a growth model which applies to the education of both sexes. (SK)