U.S. public opinion polls suggest that average citizens have a surface understanding of child welfare; they recognize the complex decisions at stake in matters of child protection; they understand that a public response is sometimes required when children are in danger; and they acknowledge that the work is challenging. Social work academics have, for decades, noted the intricate and delicate balance required in assuring children's safety and honoring parents' freedom to care for children as they see fit. Recently, commentators from within and outside the field have argued that child welfare is an oppressive force toward communities, families, parents, and children. Some are calling for the complete eradication of the public child welfare system. This paper attempts to critically examine whether child welfare is systematically oppressive and if so, when, and to whom. At the same time, we offer suggestions to guide classroom discussions that will sharpen students' critical thinking skills on the topic.