The history of social attitudes toward childhood and concepts of children since ancient times is reviewed as background for a discussion of ethics and society's role in child protection. (MSE)

Describes the celebration of the 75th anniversary of the Children's Bureau, the federal agency that has symbolized the nation's concern for children. (Author/BB)

In the early 1900s adults found the theatre unsatisfactory entertainment for children. In the name of children's rights, children were forced out of the audience and off the stage of New York's professional theatres. (PD)

Examines educational activities organized by local committees and women's organizations in 19th-century Netherlands to protect working girls from prostitution. Places these activities in the context of the social construction of gender identity. (Contains 27 references.) (SK)

Notes that, although early approach to welfare encouraged women to remain at home and raise their children, emphasis is now on moving adult welfare recipients into labor market. Provides brief historical development of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), along with specific policy recommendations that address the child care needs of…

"The Force of Ideas" describes a little-known aspect of both educational history and Viennese psychoanalysis during the interwar years: the movement for psychoanalytic pedagogy. The author traces her father's own story, beginning with his application to the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society for training as a psychoanalytic pedagogue, as a…

Describes Elbridge T. Gerry's work from 1874 to about 1900 as founder and director of the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Notes his place at the center of the controversy surrounding children on the professional stage in New York. (SR)

Traces the career of the Polish-born physician and children's rights advocate, Janusz Korczak, highlighting his accomplishments and writings as a protector of children, educational researcher, champion of children's rights, informal lawgiver, educator, and theorist. Quotes from his books and essays. (AC)

Traces the historical treatment of minority children in the child welfare system, reviews recent child welfare statistics and research studies, and examines issues in policy and service provision. Discusses proposed roles for social work profession in making the child welfare system more responsive to needs of minority children. (Author)

Examines the role of schools in the socialization of settler children and families in New Zealand 1867-1935. Analyzes how government policies shifted between intervention/social control and care/protection as the balance of power shifted among the state, children, and families. (Contains 17 references.) (SK)

From 1908 to 1918, Lewis Hine, educator and photographer, gave new meaning to the camera as an educational tool for social change. Published by the National Child Labor Committee, Hine's photo essays of exploited urban and rural children were intended to instigate reform. This essay with photographs describes Hine's crusade. (SG)

Within recent years an unusually active interest has been manifested in the after-school careers of the boys and girls who, either through graduation or through dropping out, leave the elementary schools of the United States. The child-welfare organizations of the country have for many years labored to raise the compulsory school age and to…

Outlines the history of juvenile justice from the Bible to the present time. At present neither offending children nor society are getting a fair return. The result is a tendency to treat young criminals exactly as adult criminals, and to limit the range of behaviors subject to court jurisdiction. (Author/CK)

Provides a brief history of Federal agency involvement in programs for children and their families, examines factors that affect the development of Federal social policy, and suggests future trends. Includes a brief summary of the existing 93 programs operated by various agencies of the Federal government. (Author/BJV)

The history of school social work is presented with an emphasis on its value for at risk students in urban schools. These services have maximized equal educational opportunity with both cognitive and affective outcomes. The service works best when the social worker works in collaboration with school personnel. (VM)