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Laura Galeano; Gustaf Gredebäck – Cognitive Science, 2024
We investigated the relations between self-reported math anxiety, task difficulty, and pupil dilation in adults and very young children during math tasks of varying difficulty levels. While task difficulty significantly influenced pupillary responses in both groups, the association between self-reported math anxiety and pupil dilation differed…
Descriptors: Mathematics Anxiety, Difficulty Level, Task Analysis, Eye Movements
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Kim, Dan; Opfer, John E. – Cognitive Science, 2021
Perceptual judgments result from a dynamic process, but little is known about the dynamics of number-line estimation. A recent study proposed a computational model that combined a model of trial-to-trial changes with a model for the internal scaling of discrete numbers. Here, we tested a surprising prediction of the model--a situation in which…
Descriptors: Numbers, Computation, Children, Adults
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Martínez-Huertas, José Á.; Jorge-Botana, Guillermo; Olmos, Ricardo – Cognitive Science, 2021
We present a longitudinal computational study on the connection between emotional and amodal word representations from a developmental perspective. In this study, children's and adult word representations were generated using the latent semantic analysis (LSA) vector space model and Word Maturity methodology. Some children's word representations…
Descriptors: Vocabulary, Psychological Patterns, Children, Adults
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Hart, Yuval; Mahadevan, L.; Dillon, Moira R. – Cognitive Science, 2022
Euclidean geometry has formed the foundation of architecture, science, and technology for millennia, yet the development of human's intuitive reasoning about Euclidean geometry is not well understood. The present study explores the cognitive processes and representations that support the development of humans' intuitive reasoning about Euclidean…
Descriptors: Geometry, Cognitive Processes, Thinking Skills, Geometric Concepts
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Vogelzang, Margreet; Guasti, Maria Teresa; van Rijn, Hedderik; Hendriks, Petra – Cognitive Science, 2021
Reduced forms such as the pronoun "he" provide little information about their intended meaning compared to more elaborate descriptions such as "the lead singer of Coldplay." Listeners must therefore use contextual information to recover their meaning. Across languages, there appears to be a trade-off between the informativity…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Processes, Language Processing, Form Classes (Languages)
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Hoyos, Christian; Horton, William S.; Simms, Nina K.; Gentner, Dedre – Cognitive Science, 2020
Theory-of-mind (ToM) is an integral part of social cognition, but how it develops remains a critical question. There is evidence that children can gain insight into ToM through experience, including language training and explanatory interactions. But this still leaves open the question of "how" children gain these insights--what…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Cognitive Processes, Social Cognition, Experience
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Berry, Ed D. J.; Allen, Richard J.; Mon-Williams, Mark; Waterman, Amanda H. – Cognitive Science, 2019
Research has shown that adults can engage in cognitive offloading, whereby internal processes are offloaded onto the environment to help task performance. Here, we investigate an application of this approach with children, in particular children with poor working memory. Participants were required to remember and recall sequences of colors by…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Children, Short Term Memory
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Heiphetz, Larisa; Lane, Jonathan D.; Waytz, Adam; Young, Liane L. – Cognitive Science, 2016
For centuries, humans have contemplated the minds of gods. Research on religious cognition is spread across sub-disciplines, making it difficult to gain a complete understanding of how people reason about gods' minds. We integrate approaches from cognitive, developmental, and social psychology and neuroscience to illuminate the origins of…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Processes, Religion, Beliefs
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Saalbach, Henrik; Imai, Mutsumi; Schalk, Lennart – Cognitive Science, 2012
In German, nouns are assigned to one of the three gender classes. For most animal names, however, the assignment is independent of the referent's biological sex. We examined whether German-speaking children understand this independence of grammar from semantics or whether they assume that grammatical gender is mapped onto biological sex when…
Descriptors: Grammar, Semantics, Animals, Speech Communication
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Astuti, Rita; Harris, Paul L. – Cognitive Science, 2008
Across two studies, a wide age range of participants was interviewed about the nature of death. All participants were living in rural Madagascar in a community where ancestral beliefs and practices are widespread. In Study 1, children (8-17 years) and adults (19-71 years) were asked whether bodily and mental processes continue after death. The…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cognitive Processes, Rural Areas, Death
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Li, Ping; Zhao, Xiaowei; Whinney, Brian Mac – Cognitive Science, 2007
In this study we present a self-organizing connectionist model of early lexical development. We call this model DevLex-II, based on the earlier DevLex model. DevLex-II can simulate a variety of empirical patterns in children's acquisition of words. These include a clear vocabulary spurt, effects of word frequency and length on age of acquisition,…
Descriptors: Word Frequency, Short Term Memory, Vocabulary Development, Self Management
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Knight, Nicola; Sousa, Paulo; Barrett, Justin L.; Atran, Scott – Cognitive Science, 2004
The capacity to attribute beliefs to others in order to understand action is one of the mainstays of human cognition. Yet it is debatable whether children attribute beliefs in the same way to all agents. In this paper, we present the results of a false-belief task concerning humans and God run with a sample of Maya children aged 4-7, and place…
Descriptors: Children, Maya (People), Beliefs, Cognitive Processes
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Anderson, John R. – Cognitive Science, 2005
This article describes the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) cognitive architecture (Anderson et al., 2004; Anderson & Lebiere, 1998) and its detailed application to the learning of algebraic symbol manipulation. The theory is applied to modeling the data from a study by Qin, Anderson, Silk, Stenger, & Carter (2004) in which children…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Models, Symbols (Mathematics), Algebra
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LeBlanc, Mark D.; Weber-Russell, Sylvia – Cognitive Science, 1996
A growing body of empirical and theoretical work indicates that young children (grades K-3) have difficulties solving word problems because of deficient language and text comprehension strategies. Describes a computer simulation designed to model working memory demands in "bottom-up" comprehension of arithmetic word problems, offering a…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Processes, Computer Simulation, Elementary School Mathematics