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Direct linkQuinn, Brenna L.; Seibold, Esther; Hayman, Laura – Exceptional Children, 2015
Challenges in assessing the pain of children with special needs are created by the differing abilities of these students to self-report pain presence and intensity. This article reports the results of a literature review examining methods of pain assessment for children with special needs. The authors note the need to foster partnerships with…
Descriptors: Pain, Children, Disabilities, Evaluation Methods
Valkenburg, Abraham J.; van Dijk, Monique; de Klein, Annelies; van den Anker, Johannes N.; Tibboel, Dick – Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2010
The primary focus of pain research in intellectually disabled individuals is still on pain assessment. Several observational pain assessment scales are available, each with its own characteristics, its own target group and its own validated use. Observational studies report differences in the treatment of intra- and postoperative pain of…
Descriptors: Pain, Down Syndrome, Mental Retardation, Outcomes of Treatment
