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Direct linkRabelo, Livia Nascimento; Queiroz, José Pablo Gonçalves; Castro, Carla Cristina Miranda; Silva, Sayonara Pereira; Campos, Laura Damasceno; Silva, Larissa Camila; Nascimento, Ezequiel Batista; Martínez-Cerdeño, Veronica; Fiuza, Felipe Porto – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2023
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is manifested by abnormal cell numbers and patches of gene expression disruption in higher-order brain regions. Here, we investigated whether layer-specific changes in glia/neuron ratios (GNR) characterize patches in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC) of children with ASD. We analyzed high-resolution digital…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Children, Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Haghighatfard, Arvin; Yaghoubi asl, Elham; Bahadori, Rosita Azar; Aliabadian, Rojina; Farhadi, Mahdi; Mohammadpour, Fatemeh; Tabrizi, Zeinab – Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 2022
Background and aims: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by language impairment, and challenges with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Although genetics are a primary cause of ASD, the exact genes and molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis are not completely clear. The…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Executive Function, Genetic Disorders, Genetics
Church, Jessica A.; Grigorenko, Elena L.; Fletcher, Jack M. – Reading Research Quarterly, 2023
To learn to read, the brain must repurpose neural systems for oral language and visual processing to mediate written language. We begin with a description of computational models for how alphabetic written language is processed. Next, we explain the roles of a dorsal sublexical system in the brain that relates print and speech, a ventral lexical…
Descriptors: Genetics, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Reading Processes, Oral Language
Rakhlin, Natalia; Landi, Nicole; Lee, Maria; Magnuson, James S.; Naumova, Oxana Yu.; Ovchinnikova, Irina V.; Grigorenko, Elena L. – New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2020
The etiological mechanisms of the genetic underpinnings of developmental language disorder (DLD) are unknown, in part due to the behavioral heterogeneity of the disorder's manifestations. In this study, we explored an association between the SETBP1 gene (18q21.1), revealed in a genome-wide association study of DLD in a geographically isolated…
Descriptors: Genetics, Language Impairments, Developmental Delays, Correlation
Vandermosten, Maaike; Correia, Joao; Vanderauwera, Jolijn; Wouters, Jan; Ghesquière, Pol; Bonte, Milene – Developmental Science, 2020
There is an ongoing debate whether phonological deficits in dyslexics should be attributed to (a) less specified representations of speech sounds, like suggested by studies in young children with a familial risk for dyslexia, or (b) to an impaired access to these phonemic representations, as suggested by studies in adults with dyslexia. These…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Genetics, Dyslexia
Miao Li; Jeffrey G. Malins; Mellissa M. C. DeMille; Maureen W. Lovett; Dongnhu T. Truong; Katherine Epstein; Cheryl Lacadie; Chintan Mehta; Joan Bosson-Heenan; Jeffrey R. Gruen; Jan C. Frijters; Richard Boada; Richard Boada; Stephanie Gottwald; Dina Hill; Lisa A. Jacobson; E. Mark Mahone; Erik G. Willcutt; Maryanne Wolf – npj Science of Learning, 2018
Children with poor reading comprehension despite typical word reading skills were examined using neuropsychological, genetic, and neuroimaging data collected from the Genes, Reading and Dyslexia Study of 1432 Hispanic American and African American children. This unexpected poor comprehension was associated with profound deficits in vocabulary,…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Reading Difficulties, Reading Skills, Neuropsychology
Campbell, Daniel; Bick, Johanna; Yrigollen, Carolyn M.; Lee, Maria; Joseph, Antony; Chang, Joseph T.; Grigorenko, Elena L. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2013
Background: Schooling is considered one of the major contributors to the development of intelligence within societies and individuals. Genetic variation might modulate the impact of schooling and explain, at least partially, the presence of individual differences in classrooms. Method: We studied a sample of 1,502 children (mean age = 11.7 years)…
Descriptors: Genetics, Foreign Countries, Intelligence, Individual Differences
Karatoreos, Ilia N.; McEwen, Bruce S. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2013
Background: Adaptation is key to survival. An organism must adapt to environmental challenges in order to be able to thrive in the environment in which they find themselves. Resilience can be thought of as a measure of the ability of an organism to adapt, and to withstand challenges to its stability. In higher animals, the brain is a key player in…
Descriptors: Physiology, Neurology, Biology, Resilience (Psychology)
van Hulst, Branko M.; de Zeeuw, Patrick; Bos, Dienke J.; Rijks, Yvonne; Neggers, Sebastiaan F. W.; Durston, Sarah – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2017
Background: Changes in reward processing are thought to be involved in the etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as other developmental disorders. In addition, different forms of therapy for ADHD rely on reinforcement principles. As such, improved understanding of reward processing in ADHD could eventually lead to…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Task Analysis, Reinforcement, Therapy
Johnson, Sarah L. M.; Wang, Lei; Alpert, Kathryn I.; Greenstein, Deanna; Clasen, Liv; Lalonde, Francois; Miller, Rachel; Rapoport, Judith; Gogtay, Nitin – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2013
Objective: The hippocampus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and hippocampal volume deficits have been a consistently reported abnormality, but the subregional specificity of the deficits remains unknown. The authors explored the nature and developmental trajectory of subregional shape abnormalities of the hippocampus in…
Descriptors: Genetics, Children, Pathology, Attention Deficit Disorders
McPartland, James C.; Pelphrey, Kevin A. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2012
Social disability represents a unifying feature in the diverse group of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Social neuroscience is the study of brain mechanisms supporting interpersonal interaction. In this paper, we review brain imaging studies of the social brain and highlight practical applications of these scientific insights.…
Descriptors: Autism, Neurology, Brain, Antisocial Behavior
Newman, Daniel P.; O'Connell, Redmond G.; Nathan, Pradeep J.; Bellgrove, Mark A. – Neuropsychologia, 2012
A number of recent studies suggest that DNA variation in the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) influences spatial attention asymmetry in clinical populations such as ADHD, but confirmation in non-clinical samples is required. Since non-spatial factors such as attentional load have been shown to influence spatial biases in clinical conditions, here…
Descriptors: Evidence, Genetics, Attention Deficit Disorders, Spatial Ability
Doehnert, Mirko; Brandeis, Daniel; Schneider, Gudrun; Drechsler, Renate; Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2013
Background: This longitudinal electrophysiological study investigated the course of multiple impaired cognitive brain functions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from childhood to adulthood by comparing developmental trajectories of individuals with ADHD and typically developing controls. Methods: Subjects with ADHD ("N"…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Physiology, Genetics, Longitudinal Studies
Download full textImmordino-Yang, Mary Helen; Darling-Hammond, Linda; Krone, Christina – Aspen Institute, 2018
This research brief explores how emotions and relationships drive learning and are a fundamental part of how our brains develop. The authors explain how emotionally safe and cognitively stimulating environments contribute to brain development; how brain development that supports learning depends on social experiences; and how sensitive periods in…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Learning Processes, Socialization, Developmental Stages
Tognin, Stefania; Viding, Essi; McCrory, Eamon J.; Taylor, Lauren; O'Donovan, Michael C.; McGuire, Philip; Mechelli, Andrea – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011
Background: Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder, and risk genes are thought to act through disruption of brain development. Several genetic studies have identified dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1, also known as dysbindin) as a potential susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, but its impact on brain development is poorly…
Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Genetics, Brain, Child Development
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