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Ilana Umansky; Hanna Dumont – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2019
Prior research has shown that EL classification is consequential for students, however, less is known about how EL classification impacts students' outcomes. In this study, we examine one hypothesized mechanism: teacher perceptions. Using nationally-representative data (ECLS-K:2011), we use coarsened exact matching to estimate the effect of EL…
Descriptors: English Learners, Classification, Teacher Attitudes, Teacher Student Relationship
Palmberg, Rolf – 1983
Three experiments from the late 1970s concerning second language communication strategies are studied for evidence supporting their classification as either avoidance or achievement strategies. The experiments had as subjects native English-speaking children in a French immersion program, adult second language learners of English who were native…
Descriptors: Adult Students, Anxiety, Children, Classification