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Berninger, Virginia W.; Vaughan, Katherine; Abbott, Robert D.; Begay, Kristin; Coleman, Kristina Byrd; Curtain, Gerald; Hawkins, Jill Minich; Graham, Steve – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2002
Third graders with low compositional fluency were randomly assigned to four time-equated treatments in an instructional experiment: spelling, composing, combined spelling plus composing, and treated control. All treatments increased compositional fluency. Results are related to the simple view of writing that integrates diverse theoretical…
Descriptors: Aptitude Treatment Interaction, Childrens Writing, Elementary Education, Grade 3
Morrow, Lesley Mandel – 1996
An 8-month study tracked 166 second graders of various ethnic backgrounds in an urban setting while they were being motivated to read through a literature-based reading and writing program. The classrooms in which the research was conducted used basal readers and did not have well-designed literacy centers. Collaboration was not an integral part…
Descriptors: Active Learning, Childrens Literature, Childrens Writing, Classroom Environment