What is the relationship between Indigenous peoples and violent reactions to contemporary states? This research explores differing, culturally informed notions of attachment to land or place territory. Mechanistic ties and organic ties to land are linked to a key distinction between Indigenous peoples and non-Indigenous peoples. Utilizing the…

Analyzes the 1969-71 occupation of Alcatraz Island by young radical American Indians as a set of metaphors for Indian America. Examines the central images of cultural revitalization through independence, protest against the position of Native Americans nationwide and rebellion against White oppression. Contains 47 references. (SV)

Describes circumstances that set the stage for the 1969 occupation of Alcatraz Island by American Indians, including federal relocation of thousands of reservation Indians to urban areas, national civil rights and antiwar movements, and growth of urban Indian and Indian college student organizations. Briefly traces events of the occupation. Lists…

A former graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, at the time of the occupation of Alcatraz Island by American Indians reminisces about the development of a Native American Studies program at Berkeley, a course on Indian liberation given just before the occupation, the role of Indian students in the occupation, and attempts to…

A former faculty advisor to the Native American Studies program at San Francisco State College describes student involvement in the development of the program in 1969 and reflects on the role of the university as a setting where American Indian student leaders of the Alcatraz occupation came together and defined themselves and their goals. (SV)

A former faculty member at the University of California, Davis, discusses the rise of Native American activism after World War II, student and urban Indian organizing that led to the occupation of Alcatraz Island in 1969, the beginnings of D-Q University in a student occupation shortly thereafter, and the island itself as enduring symbol of Native…

An American Indian faculty member at the University of California, Los Angeles, during the occupation of Alcatraz Island describes his college years without Native peers or professors, his own and his students' involvement in the occupation, details of the landing on the island, role of the media, and his struggles with the personal costs and…

Describes early Indian activism at the University of California, Berkeley, and the role of Indian student organizations in the occupation of Alcatraz Island. Examines the planning of the occupation, unity and contention among the group of participants, leadership, celebrities who visited the island, and the role of the media in activism. (SV)

Traces the foundations and development of Native American activism, 1950s-90s. Discusses relocation of reservation American Indians to urban areas in the 1950s without promised aid or vocational training, changing aspirations of Indian veterans and college students, lessons of the civil rights movement, occupations of Alcatraz Island and Wounded…