Design and content of classroom activities are crucial to foreign/second (L2) language learners' motivation, be they children or adults. Lifeworld relevance and learner autonomy are two important aspects in building motivational L2 curricula for adults (e.g.), but such considerations rarely filter through to primary school learners due to…

Background: Some studies have researched the correlation between flipped learning and cognitive learning outcomes; however, there is a paucity of research elaborating on the effects of flipped language learning on cognitive load (CL). Objectives: This study investigates the effects of using flipped learning designs (student-led, teacher-led and…

Both Byram and Fleming (1998) in the United Kingdom and Jandt (2016) in the United States have written extensively about the necessary connection between teaching and learning English and developing intercultural communicative competence (ICC). There are various pragmatic reasons to start from the students' own culture(s). Ali and Walker (2014)…

This research focuses on how designing, implementing, and evaluating didactic strategies and activities based on scaffolding with visualization and the use of graphic organizers guide the process of reading comprehension in an eighth-grade public school course placed at A1 level. The research methodology was framed as action research with a…

This research is about the underlying process language learners rely on to be able to engage effectively in unscripted conversations without premeditation, or "improvisation." To engage in improvisation in another language, one needs to recognize those elements of the evolving cultural context that are significant at the moment. By…

The development of videoconferencing technology has enabled new modes of combining in-person and remote teaching. In this article, we investigate interactional practices in hybrid language classrooms that combine on-site and remote participation by way of telepresence technology. Telepresence robots are videoconferencing tools that can be remotely…

This paper explores preschool children's (aged 5:6) language development in nursery and at home. The study examines how children learn a new language in nursery and practise their learning at home. The data in this study is drawn from a long ethnographic research, which included two stages of data collection. I used participant observation, audio…

Formative assessment has been often encouraged recently as a pivot component in the methodology of evaluation but the student's views of how this affects the improvement of language learning in some countries are disregarded in a way. Therefore, the following study investigates the experiences of students (pre-service teachers) in formative…

Turkish coffee is accepted as a Turkish cultural heritage. It was placed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2013 by the United Nations. Drinking coffee is one of the oldest traditions and customs in most countries in the world. Every country in the world has its own coffee culture and tradition. In…

One key tenet of Global Englishes for Language Teaching (GELT) is that the native English speaker should no longer serve as the role model for second language (L2) English users. Such a view does not discount that some degree of linguistic knowledge is necessary for successful global communication. However, GELT scholarship has remained relatively…

This article both describes and explains the nature of system simulations--the generation of (non-)numeric models representing characteristics, behaviors, or functions of physical or abstract systems/processes under study. For ease of presentation, I first present some of the most pressing theoretical-practical considerations concerning…

In recent years, developing communication skills is the main goal of foreign language learning, so the most effective way of developing this skill is to expose the learners to real life situations. Movies provide exposures to real language, used in authentic settings and in the cultural context. Movies are the most effective audiovisual materials…

Recently there has been a growing number of interests in classroom research primarily focusing on interaction and language learning as these two issues are considered to be essential components in communicative language teaching which is widely practiced today. This current study was aimed to find out the classroom interaction situation and…

Over the past two decades, many scholars and practitioners in foreign language teaching have advocated for multiliteracies approaches, which envision language learning as the development of an expanding repertoire of linguistic and other semiotic resources for making meaning. Despite the attention to the role of learners as active designers of…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are a powerful type of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that simulates how humans organize language and are able to interpret, predict, and generate text. This allows for contextual understanding of natural human language which enables the LLM to understand conversational human input and respond in a natural manner. Recent…