As an initial attempt to document the influence of class size reduction on overall student achievement, this report evaluates Project Challenge, a Tennessee Department of Education program to reduce at-risk student/teacher ratio in kindergarten through third grade classes in 17 rural Tennessee school systems. A summary of findings relating to the…

The goals for a Chapter 1 program are to help children succeed in the regular program, attain grade level proficiency, and improve achievement. Students have attained these goals in both pull-out and in-class programs. Most research suggests that the model used is not as important as the degree of coordination between the Chapter 1 and the regular…

In an effort to determine if achievement gains of low-achieving Chapter 1 students could be bettered, the Austin Independent School District implemented Chapter 1 Schoolwide Projects (SWP) in two schools to reduce class size to 15 pupils per teacher. SWP teachers functioned as regular classroom teachers with students of mixed achievement. Chapter…

This paper reviews research on effective pull-out programs for elementary students who are at risk for school failure. The emphasis is on programs that can be readily replicated by schools other than those that developed them. The focus is on programs provided to students who have been identified as in need of remedial services which are…

This report profiles the utilization of funding by sites implementing Chapter 1/ Pupils with Compensatory Education Needs (PCEN) programs in English as a Second Language (ESL) in New York City schools, based on funding data and a district survey. Data for 83 high schools show that 23% of total allocations for ESL teachers were Chapter 1, 32% were…

This report provides an overview of the importance of State Chapter 1 funds to schools in the most impoverished neighborhoods of Chicago (Illinois), schools that serve the city's most disadvantaged children. It documents the central role of programs in Chicago schools paid for with these funds, underscoring the importance of finding ways to…

This paper examines the research on how student-to-instructor ratio effects influence schooling, with particular attention to how the research relates to low-achieving children. It also summarizes the conclusions of several existing reviews of literature on: the effects on schooling outcomes of class or instructional group size; and scheduled,…

Reductions in the funding of compensatory education along with observed discrepancies in per-pupil cost among equally effective schools created a compelling case for the study of the determinants of cost-effective Chapter 1 programs in the state of Minnesota. Cost-effectiveness (CE) indexes for Chapter 1 reading and math services reflected a ratio…

A review of the literature on compensatory education programs was conducted to determine the effects of their following design features: (1) instructional setting; (2) class size; (3) ability grouping; and (4) various types of instructors. Remedial instruction in reading, language arts, and mathematics for elementary school students was…