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Trick, Leanne; Hogarth, Lee; Duka, Theodora – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2011
Attentional capture and behavioral control by conditioned stimuli have been dissociated in animals. The current study assessed this dissociation in humans. Participants were trained on a Pavlovian schedule in which 3 visual stimuli, A, B, and C, predicted the occurrence of an aversive noise with 90%, 50%, or 10% probability, respectively.…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Prediction, Visual Stimuli, Acoustics
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Galtress, Tiffany; Kirkpatrick, Kimberly – Learning and Motivation, 2010
Changes in reward magnitude or value have been reported to produce effects on timing behavior, which have been attributed to changes in the speed of an internal pacemaker in some instances and to attentional factors in other cases. The present experiments therefore aimed to clarify the effects of reward magnitude on timing processes. In Experiment…
Descriptors: Rewards, Experiments, Animals, Attention
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Capaldi, E. J.; Martins, Ana P. G.; Altman, Meaghan – Learning and Motivation, 2009
arrow]US associations also survived The memories of the unconditioned stimulus (US) and its absence (No US), symbolized as S[superscript R] and S[superscript N], respectively, may be retrieved on US or No US trials giving rise to four types of associations, S[superscript R][right arrow]US, S[superscript R][right arrow]No US, S[superscript N][right…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Animal Behavior, Rewards, Experimental Psychology
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Larrauri, Jose A.; Schmajuk, Nestor A. – Psychological Review, 2008
The participation of attentional and associative mechanisms in extinction, spontaneous recovery, external disinhibition, renewal, reinstatement, and reacquisition was evaluated through computer simulations with an extant computational model of classical conditioning (N. A. Schmajuk, Y. Lam, & J. A. Gray, 1996; N. A. Schmajuk & J. A. Larrauri,…
Descriptors: Cues, Classical Conditioning, Associative Learning, Computer Simulation
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Kehoe, E. James – Learning & Memory, 2006
The rabbit nictitating membrane (NM) response underwent successive stages of acquisition and extinction training in both delay (Experiment 1) and trace (Experiment 2) classical conditioning. In both cases, successive acquisitions became progressively faster, although the largest, most reliable acceleration occurred between the first and second…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Animals, Responses, Brain
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Boersma, Hester; Das, J.P. – Developmental Disabilities Bulletin, 2008
We begin with the suggestion that the definition of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) still faces some challenges. Conceptually, inhibition of the Pavlovian kind preexisted the "behavioral inhibition" popular in the USA; the difference between them has to be understood in order to understand ADHD. The present project examines…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Inhibition, Rating Scales