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Direct linkLuigi A. E. Degni; Sara Garofalo; Gianluca Finotti; Francesca Starita; Trevor W. Robbins; Giuseppe di Pellegrino – npj Science of Learning, 2024
Motivational (i.e., appetitive or aversive) cues can bias value-based decisions by affecting either direction and intensity of instrumental actions. Despite several findings describing important interindividual differences in these biases, whether biological sex can also play a role is still up to debate. By comparing females and males in both…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Motivation, Cues, Decision Making
Shors, Tracey J. – Learning & Memory, 2004
Stressful life events can have profound effects on our cognitive and motor abilities, from those that could be construed as adaptive to those not so. In this review, I discuss the general notion that acute stressful experience necessarily impairs our abilities to learn and remember. The effects of stress on operant conditioning, that is, learned…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Operant Conditioning, Helplessness, Classical Conditioning
