In category learning, a growing body of literature has increasingly focused on exploring the impacts of interleaving in contrast to blocking. The sequential attention hypothesis posits that interleaving draws attention to the differences between categories while blocking directs attention toward similarities within categories [4, 5]. Although a…

Online learning continues to expand due to globalization and the COVID-19 pandemic. However, maintaining student engagement in this new normal has become increasingly difficult. Conventional techniques, such as self-reports and manual observations, often fall short of capturing the subtle behaviors that indicate attentiveness. This emphasizes the…