The function of games in a society is discussed in this paper. An earlier definition of games as a concretistic way of processing information of cultural antitheses is enlarged to include a more bio-adaptive definition: the game is also a socialization of conflict. This view is compared and contrasted with those of Sigmund Freud and G. H. Mead.…

Reported is a study of classificational preference of 250 school children ranging in age from 3 to 8 years old. These subjects showed typical diversity in academic experiences and intellectual aptitudes. The research procedure involved presenting a subject with a set of colored paper shapes and asking him to sort the objects into subsets. The…

A scheme which classifies the instructional applications of computers is designed to overcome the confusion created by the imprecision and equivocation associated with computer terminology. The classification is restricted to instructional applications, allows that some applications could apply to more than one category, and reflects a continuum…

This paper describes two studies conducted to investigate young children's manipulative responses to materials in a free play situation and to examine the resultant learning. Study I: Each child played with either a simple or a complex set of materials during three play sessions. Learning was measured on a posttest of classification ability.…

Almost all disciplines make extensive use of the resources provided by slide libraries and picture collections. Growing demands for pictorial material have stimulated a concern for making slide and picture collections more useful and more usable by better physical arrangement and more thorough indexing. The system provides a classification scheme…

There is a need for clarity regarding different research strategies in order to assess the relative contribution of each. Using the framework of the Facet Design Technique (FDT) for problem structuring, eight general research strategies are identified as they relate to measurement fidelity, representativeness of units, and treatment…

This study attempted (1) to test the efficiency, simplicity, and experimental power of Paul Diederich's Method for measuring growth in writing ability, a method which allows for the cooperative evaluation of student writing using local criteria, and (2) to use this Method to measure both writing ability and grading consistency in a specific…

Intended as an instructional guideline, the last of three reports on taxonomic instruction explains strategy development and use in instruction. The instructional content is reading, with a target population of emotionally disturbed, underachieving students. Strategies are defined as instructional actions resulting from a process of…

This study investigated several questions generated by cueing system research. The cueing system is perceived as a means of directing our categorizing behaviors in the processing and recall of information. Experiments involved a comparison of categorical cueing systems on a given task in relation to two control areas: (1) subjects using a free…

This paper examines the concept of effectiveness in relation to educational organizations and suggests a conceptual framework for depicting the effective public school system. The discussion focuses first on properties of the school system as an organization and their implications for effectiveness criteria. Themes in the literature on…

To find a method for making better use of vocational interests in occupational guidance, Roe's occupational classification system was tested. A search was made to determine whether this system would yield a contiguity structure of occupations, by interests, showing the relationships between interests in different types of occupations. Three…

The project, consisting of five experiments, attempted to develop remedial procedures and materials for retarded children with learning deficits in the area of arithmetic. Standardized training procedures were devised to facilitate development of operations (conservation, ordination, cardination, and classification) which J. Piaget describes as…

A task force of librarians and audiovisual specialists was assembled to resolve differences among the several existing guidelines available for the cataloging of nonprint media and to establish a media code suitable for both manual and automated systems. The guidelines which it issued deal with procedures, terminology and codes, and set forth a…

It is possible to separate the use of computers for instructional purposes into four modes, distinguished by the style of user interaction and sometimes by the implementation methods used. The four major modes are: 1) conversational, in which the interaction resembles an exchange between two persons; 2) data-based, wherein one component of the…

This address deals with the phenomenon of modern technology in the context of: (1) its potential to alter society, (2) its implications as a discipline base for education, (3) specific curriculum developments necessary with technology as a conceptual frame of reference, (4) its behavioral characteristics in an "environmental continuum" and an…