Inequity is a pressing concern in the mathematics education community. Recent research shows how inequity in everyday classroom interaction can shape student participation in subtle ways. This paper focuses on a tool, EQUIP, which uses a quantitative approach to illuminate aspects of such inequities. EQUIP cross-tabulates relatively low-inference…

This paper argues that traditional techniques of content analysis which have been applied to classroom verbal interaction studies fail to account for certain types of implicit information, and presents a technique, called "reconstruction," that provides for the inclusion of such information in a content analysis. It is argued that if…

To develop a system for making systematic observations of classroom communicative interaction, to provide guidelines for its utilization, and to suggest applications of this system to problems in the development of communication skills, 94 deaf children were directly observed in class interaction. An evaluation instrument was developed from the…