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Effect of Client Sense of Humor and Paradoxical Interventions on Test Anxiety.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Newton, Geraldine R.; Dowd, E. Thomas – Journal of Counseling and Development, 1990
Investigated effectiveness of paradoxical and nonparadoxical interventions with clients (N=53) possessing a high or low sense of humor. Found low sense of humor subjects improved significantly more with a paradoxical intervention than did high sense of humor subjects. (Author/ABL)
Descriptors: Client Characteristics (Human Services), Counseling Techniques, Humor, Paradox
Motivational Components of Client Reactance.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Dowd, E. Thomas; Wallbrown, Fred – Journal of Counseling and Development, 1993
Attempted to determine motivational personality characteristics associated with psychological reactance. Undergraduate students (n=251) took Therapeutic Reactance Scale, Questionnaire for Measuring Psychological Reactance, and Personality Research Form. Results showed personality patterns of the psychologically reactant person as defensive,…
Descriptors: Client Characteristics (Human Services), Higher Education, Motivation, Personality Traits
Resistance, Reactance, and the Difficult Client.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Dowd, E. Thomas; Sanders, Daniel – Canadian Journal of Counselling, 1994
Describes effect of client resistance and reactance in counseling and methods for assessing these phenomena. Conceptualizes client symptoms as ego-syntonic, where symptom is consonant with client's self-image, or ego-dystonic, where it is not. Uses concepts in deriving counseling strategies for working with difficult clients according to model…
Descriptors: Client Characteristics (Human Services), Counseling Techniques, Evaluation Methods, Models
Compliance-Based and Defiance-Based Intervention Strategies and Psychological Reactance in the Treatment of Free and Unfree Behavior.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Dowd, E. Thomas; And Others – Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1988
Used restraining paradoxical interventions with high- and low-reactant college students in treatment of procrastination or test anxiety. Comparison of restraining intervention with nonparadoxical intervention group and control group found all subjects improving procrastination behavior. Comparison of restraining intervention with reframing…
Descriptors: Change Strategies, Client Characteristics (Human Services), College Students, Counseling Techniques
Reframing and Restraining Directives in the Treatment of Clinical Depression.
Swoboda, Joseph S.; Dowd, E. Thomas – 1987
Previous studies have shown that paradoxical directives are effective in decreasing depression over time but, in general, found that they were no better than nonparadoxical directives. Subjects in the studies were mildly to moderately depressed college students who were not assessed on reactance level. This study examined the differential effects…
Descriptors: Adults, Client Characteristics (Human Services), Comparative Analysis, Counseling Effectiveness
The Therapeutic Reactance Scale: Development and Reliability.
Dowd, E. Thomas; And Others – 1984
Much more research has been done on the effectiveness of therapeutic techniques than on the client characteristics which mediate the effectiveness of these techniques. Research on client characteristics has concentrated on demographic variables rather than psychological characteristics such as client reactance. The Therapeutic Reactance Scale was…
Descriptors: Client Characteristics (Human Services), College Students, Counseling Effectiveness, Counseling Techniques
Responses of Deaf Adolescents to Differences in Counselor Method of Communication and Disability Status.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Haley, Thomas J.; Dowd, E. Thomas – Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1988
Tested effects of counselor disability status (hearing, deaf) and communication method (sign language, interpreter, written) on deaf adolescents' (N=106) ratings of counselor social influence, empathy, and willingness to see counselor. Subjects rated videotaped counselors higher on social influence, counselor effectiveness, and empathy if used…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Client Characteristics (Human Services), Counselor Characteristics, Counselor Client Relationship