With an increased emphasis on instructional accountability with respect to instruction, assessment and curriculum development, administrators have been struggling to find a model of supervision that is clinical and collaborative and that will produce an accurate assessment of classroom instruction. According to Goe (2007), "In recent years,…

The author shares summaries of the supervision literature along with personal reflections and recommendations to discuss supervision's past, present, and future. Topics from the past include the heyday of clinical superevision, the University of Georgia's Department of Curriculum and Supervision, important concepts introduced by supervision…

Instructional supervision is a highly complex endeavor as supervisors work to enhance teacher, teacher candidate, and school effectiveness. The process of learning to supervise well can be daunting and difficult. Recent research on teaching has focused on enhancing teachers' ability to notice or observe aspects of teaching and student learning.…

This descriptive study assessed teachers' attitudes about their formative supervision and the observational ability of principals through the constructs of teacher tenure status and gender. In sum, 255 teachers responded to an online survey indicating teachers' desired feedback focused on classroom climate, student engagement, and instructional…

Beginning with an abridged history of administrative and clinical supervision, "The Principal's Guide to Instructional Improvement" offers principals both background information, as well as comprehensive models and examples, to analyze and improve teacher instruction. Based on the principle of teacher growth, rather than teacher evaluation, this…

This paper examines clinical supervision approaches that have the potential to promote and implement effective teacher supervision in Nigeria. The various approaches have been analysed based on the conceptual framework of instructional supervisory behavior. The findings suggest that a clear distinction can be made between the prescriptive and…

Preparing school administrators to promote effective instruction of English language learners (ELLs) is an important dimension of today's educational leadership programs, requiring innovative program activities. This study explores school leadership candidates' use of an observation tool targeted to ELL instruction that incorporated guided video…

The current student achievement gap can be attributed, in part, to the perceived and actual shortage of highly qualified principals prepared to be effective instructional leaders (Kearney, 2010). Most school districts within do not offer consistent targeted professional development programs for mid-career principals that will develop…

A review of Clinical Supervision: Special Methods for the Supervision of Teachers (Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1969) by Robert Goldhammer. (CK)

Traditional supervision paradigms, based on changing teachers' behavior, are ineffective. The Knowledge Work Supervision model helps align supervisory processes with a school system's purposes, goals, and outcomes. A special supervisory paradigm that shifts focus from individual behavior to an organization's work processes and social systems is…

Applies Donald Schon's concept of the "reflective practitioner" to Robert Goldhammer's clinical supervision cycle (pre-observation conference, observation, analysis and strategy, supervision conference, and postconference analysis), stressing personal growth purposes for teacher and supervisor alike. Explores a clinical supervisor's…

In all professions, the development of the field rests on an established knowledge base and on newer, emerging information. As a discipline, instructional supervision has been influenced by both evaluation-based and clinically oriented theories. This paper presents findings of a study that sought to determine the degree to which various…

The definition and theory of clinical supervision are discussed. (Author/MLF)

In 1992, a group of teachers, principals, and central-office administrators at a Wisconsin elementary school developed an effective differentiated teacher-supervision process. Teachers enjoy the flexibility of choosing among three options: a cooperative-clinical supervision group, a self-directed group, and a collegial professional-development…

To many people, the term "clinical supervision" now means the Hunter Model, which involves monitoring of teachers' classroom behavior for usage of Hunter's essential elements of instruction, feedback of these results, reinforcement of desired practice, and a prescription for remediation of teachers' performance. In contrast, the…