To investigate how a child organizes new objects and how categories function for a chid, twelve 6- and twelve 8-year-olds were individually given several sorting tasks involving 21 three-dimensional nonsense objects. The child was exposed to all the objects; three objects were pointed out and withdrawn; and then the child was asked to describe…

Results show the major effect of word association over rhyming as an organizational basis in a list where either or both types are possible. (Author/MB)

The most significant finding is that classification according to complete similarity not only occurs much earlier than reported by Inhelder and Piaget, but also does not follow the developmental course reported by Inhelder and Piaget. (Author)

Preschool, first-grade, and fifth-grade children served as Ss in 2 experiments designed to test the developmental hypothesis that memorizing and perceiving are functionally undifferentiated for the young child, with deliberate memorization only gradually emerging as a separate and distinctive form of cognitive encounter with external data.…

Study concerned with the question of why older children remember more in categorized free recall. (Authors/MB)

Purpose of these four experiments was to elucidate the role of grouping in remembering words by using single-trial free recall. (Author/CB)

Second, fourth, and sixth graders were trained under conditions of Constrained and Cued recall on a list of randomly ordered nouns comprising 4 categories of things. (Authors)

It was concluded that pictures are encoded differently depending on task expectation. Parallel access of visual and semantic memory codes occurs; but when recognition is expected, a visual cue provides faster access, and when expecting recall, verbal access is more efficient. (Author)

Findings provide information about developmental differences in sorting and recall, as well as evidence that organizational training may influence recall performance. (Authors)

Interpair acoustic and formal similarity are detrimental to verbal discrimination learning when manipulated individually; even larger performance decrements result when they are allowed to covary. (Authors)

The primary purpose of New Office and Business Education Learnings System (NOBELS) was the development of an inventory of 373 educational specifications in behavioral terms that represent basic tasks performed by 16- to 24-year-old office workers. In this revision, each of the 373 educational specifications has been reviewed and revised,…