When survey data are analyzed by computer, a codebook is necessary to show how raw scores are translated to computer-usable form. When data are tabulated by hand, the need for a codebook depends upon the number of respondents, the number and complexity of items, and the types of statistical manipulations required. During the process of coding,…

Video- and sound-tape recordings of 96 lessons in one Finnish school were analyzed using the Bellack Classification System. The lessons were composed of Finnish, arithmetic, civics, drawing, religion, and music for Grades 3 and 4. During the coding process, it was found that the Bellack system was not very suitable for describing instruction at…