This paper demonstrates a method for constructing long variables using items that elicit partically correct responses across ages. Long variables may be defined by students at different ages (year levels) attempting common items within a test containing other items considered to be appropriate for each age or year level. A developmental model of…

This document reports data on 610 secondary level Australian high school students drawn from 36 urban and rural high schools to determine levels of Piagetian cognitive development, provide a profile of field independence (FDI) across the urban population, validate the Understanding in Science Test instrument, and determine influence of reading…