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Swensen, Clifford H. – Personnel and Guidance Journal, 1980
Describes a general model within which various techniques of counseling and psychotherapy may be integrated. This model is based on Lewin's formula, that is, behavior is a function of the person and the environment. (Author)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Counseling, Counselors, Environmental Influences

Loevinger, Jane – Personnel and Guidance Journal, 1980
Loevinger responds to Swensen on the number of stages in ego development, the importance of considering the client's ego level and that of counseling students, the need for more research on the optimum level for the counselor in relation to the client, and the aims of therapy and psychoanalysis. (Author)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Counseling, Counselor Client Relationship, Counselors