Professional development is a recognized approach to improving the quality of instruction in schools. The goal of professional development is to increase teachers' knowledge and improve their practices, which lead to enhanced student learning. The problem with providing staff development is the high cost incurred by presenters' fees, and…

This paper deals with (1) psychometric and Piagetian orientations and the different types of test each approach yields, (2) rate of progress measures, and (3) the predictability of an individual's future functioning. Advantages of the Piagetian orientation are discussed. (GO)

This paper synthesizes explorations from two research projects with 3- and 4-year-olds in the areas of instrumental music-making and telephone discourse, sharing an approach to research with young children in which the adult participates in the child's activity and seeks to share the initiative. The interpretive, participatory approaches used are…