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Emick, J.; Welsh, M. – Learning & Individual Differences, 2005
Executive functions have been defined in the neuropsychological literature as those cognitive processes that underlie future-oriented, goal-directed behavior such as planning, working memory, inhibition, and self-monitoring. Piaget's final stage of cognitive development, formal operations, involves a systematic approach to problem solving that…
Descriptors: Multiple Regression Analysis, Formal Operations, Cognitive Development, Memory
Strahan, David B.; O'Sullivan, Rita – 1986
The purpose of this study was to examine for the middle grades how students' cognitive reasoning level contributes to the variability of their achievement test performance. While previous investigations have indicated that measures of reasoning development are associated with measures of achievement, few such studies have attempted to control for…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Academic Achievement, Academic Aptitude, Achievement Tests