Economic difficulties in early childhood are associated with significant adverse long-term socioemotional and cognitive outcomes. In this study, we examine an understudied financial stressor that is often observed during periods of high unemployment--transient familial financial stress (TFS). We use the early childhood longitudinal study--(birth)…

This is qualitative action research where an immigrant Muslim mother journaled about her Yemeni-American daughters (ages 7 and 13, born and raised in USA), visiting two museums for the very first time. Her reflective journaling recorded mother-child and sibling interactions, when (1) viewing Islamic visual arts during six museum visits, and (2)…

Prior research suggests that physical activity aids students with children affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who are more likely to exhibit high levels of inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive behaviors that result in difficulties in academic and social settings. Because of the lack of alternative treatments, the…

Young children often struggle to answer the question "what would have happened?" particularly in cases where the adult-like "correct" answer has the same outcome as the event that actually occurred. Previous work has assumed that children fail because they cannot engage in accurate counterfactual simulations. Children have…

The current study is the first to examine the role of exploration in play milestones development using a multi-measure micro-analytic approach. Fifteen infants, between the ages of 8 and 17 months, were observed in their natural home environment once a month for a one--hour session; their spontaneous mouthing and fingering and their play level…

This article serves as an introduction to the Special Issue on "Decolonizing and Diversifying Research in Cognitive Development." The Special Issue comprises six articles: two articles are empirical articles that focus on executive function development in under-represented environments, two articles address barriers pathways toward…

The paper investigates the experiences and perceptions of the elementary school teachers implementing a self-designed Holistic Assessment Framework (HAF). This is a transformative multidimensional assessment framework focused on transforming the assessment practices in elementary education, making them more diverse as well as holistic, tailored to…

This article presents an exploration of imagination as a fundamental and often undervalued aspect of human cognition emphasising its crucial role in fostering creativity. Acknowledging the challenges associated with researching imagination and its role in children's learning, the authors explore imagination through the lens of eight core…

This study investigated inductive reasoning abilities in 3-5-year-old children across perceptual similarity and linguistic label conditions. Sixty-five typically developing children aged 3 to 5 participated in reasoning tasks involving natural and artificial targets. In the experimental design, children learned two contrasting characteristics…

When determining what others know, we intuitively consider not only whether they succeed but also their probability of success in the absence of knowledge (e.g., random guessing). Across three experiments (n = 240 North American 4-6-year-olds, data collected between 2020-2023) we find that 4-year-olds understand that tasks with a lower probability…

Background: Attentiveness during class is critical for learning. Teachers have strategies to promote active engagement and active learning, yet little control over students' baseline level of alertness and focus upon arriving to class. Objective: To evaluate the effect of pre-lecture cognitive exercise on attention and learning in lectures.…

According to relational frame theory (RFT), temporal relational responding is key to important repertoires, including sequencing, ordering, planning, and time understanding. Previous studies have taught several other varieties of relational responding (e.g., comparison, deictics) but relatively little work has been done in the case of temporal…

"Trauma-Responsive Strategies for Early Childhood" offers an overview of trauma and its impact on young children, as well as specific strategies and techniques educators and administrators can use to create classroom and school communities that improve the quality of care for this vulnerable population. Katie Statman-Weil has synthesized…

Students who are identified as gifted have academic, social, and emotional experiences that are informed by both their cognition and their identification. Similarly, highly able students who are overlooked and remain unidentified have extra layers of social and emotional complexity to negotiate. While the label should not uniquely define the…

It is necessary to know the influence of the current pandemic situation on children's emotional intelligence (EI). Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the difference in 34 Spanish children's EI (aged 9-10) caused by the lockdown. EI was measured with the BarOn Emotional Intelligence Inventory (EQ-i:YV). Results have revealed a reduction in EI,…